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1、华北水利水电学院 硕士学位论文 生物质发电环境效益及潜力分析 姓名：张燕 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：流体机械及工程 指导教师：王爱军 2011-05 华北水利水电学院硕士学位论文 I 生物质发电环境效益及潜力分析 摘 要 能源问题已经成为世界各国普遍关注的焦点，由于一次能源的相对短 缺，开发可再生能源已经成为世界各国能源战略的重要组成部分。生物质 是唯一可储存的可再生能源，也属于绿色能源。高效利用生物质既可以节 省化石能源，又可以减少污染物的排放，对环境保护具有重要意义。我国 生物质资源极为丰富，开发生物质能高效利用技术是保证国家长期可持续 发展的重要措施。本文的主要研究内容如下： （1）分析
2、了生物质发电过程中与环境效益相关的主要因素，建立了燃 料消耗模型、CO2和 SO2的减排量及排放偏差模型。在相同发电量情况下， 对于不同的生物质发电方式，计算了对应的 CO2和 SO2的减排量及排放量 偏差；分析了生物质气化与煤混燃发电方式下气化效率对 CO2和 SO2排放 量的影响。随着气化效率增大，CO2和 SO2排放量都相应减少。 （2）建立了生物质发电燃料成本计算模型，从收购和运输两个方面对 不同生物质发电方式的燃料成本进行了分析和对比。 计算了燃料价格变化、 发电效率变化对生物质燃料成本的影响。随着燃料价格的增大，相应的燃 料成本就会增加；随着发电效率的增大，燃料成本则降低。电厂要降
3、低成 本，就必须提高发电效率，并且认真规划生物质发电厂址和收储点的分配， 在运输方面采取合理的方法。 （3）建立了农业生物质资源能源利用潜力分析模型。根据不同种类的 农业生物质利用技术，对生物质资源的能源利用潜力进行了分析和计算。 华北水利水电学院硕士学位论文 II 结合河南省实际情况，讨论农业废弃物和禽畜废弃物两类农业生物质资源 的供应潜力和能源利用潜力。河南省年产农业废弃物和禽畜废物能量折合 成标煤约为 2751.53 万 ta-1，采用合理的生物质利用技术，年可发电486.17 亿 kWha-1，供热 1.67107MJa-1，节省标煤 2250.75 万 ta-1。 对于不同的生物质发
4、电方式，生物质直燃发电的 CO2和 SO2排放量和 燃料成本都远大于其它发电方式；生物质气化发电环境效益与混燃发电相 同，但发电效率低于混燃，因此发电成本高于混燃；混燃发电可以利用原 有燃煤机组的设备，投资较小，总之，生物质混燃发电有很大优势。目前， 我国的生物质资源还没有得到充分地利用，作为能源的利用量还不到生物 质资源总量的 1%，大多数生物质能源被浪费掉或者利用效率极低，可开 发利用潜力相当大。在生物质能源开发利用中，尽量采用高效方便的生物 质发电方式。 关键词：关键词：生物质发电；环境效益；燃料成本；利用潜力 华北水利水电学院硕士学位论文 III ENVIRONMENTAL BENEF
5、ITS AND POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS POWER GENERATION ABSTRACT Energy problem has become the focus of world attention. Becouse of relative shortage of primary energy, developing renewable energy has become the important component of world energy strategy. The only storable and renewable energy is b
6、iomass, which belongs to the green energy. High-efficiency utilization of biomass can save fossil fuel and reduce the emissions of pollutants. There is rich biomass resource in China. Developing biomass utilization technology is an important measure to guarantee long-term continuable development of
7、economy. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) The major factors related to environmental benefits were analyzed in the process of biomass power generation; the fuel consumption model, emissions reductions and emission deviation models of CO2 and SO2 were established. Combinin
8、g the status quo of biomass power generation, the specific examples were calculated and analyzed. Impact of the gasification efficiency to the emissions of harmful gases was analyzed. As gasification efficiency increases, the CO2 and SO2 emissions of gasification synthesis gas co-firing with coal po
9、wer generation reduce. (2) The biomass fuel cost calculation models of biomass power generation 华北水利水电学院硕士学位论文 IV were established and analyzed from the two aspects of biomass fuel acquisition and transportation; the influence of fuel price and power efficiency to fuel cost was further analyzed. As
10、fuel price increases, the corresponding fuel costs will increase; but as the generating efficiency increases, fuel cost will decrease. In order to reduce fuel cost, it is necessary to improve power efficiency and seriously plan the site of biomass power generation and distribute storage points. (3)
11、The energy potential analysis models of agricultural biomass resources were set up. According to different ways of agricultural biomass utilization technology, the biomass energy potential was analyzed. Combined with the actual situation in henan province, supply potential and utilization potential
12、of two kinds of agricultural biomass resources of agricultural waste and livestock waste were discussed. The total amount of agricultural waste and livestock waste energy converted into standard coal is about 69.524 million ta-1 in henan province, which can produce 48.617 billion kWh of electricity
13、and 16.7 million MJ of heat every year, and can save 2.25 million tons of standard coal. For the different ways of biomass power generation, the emissions of CO2 and SO2 and fuel costs of biomass direct power generation are greater than those of co-firing power generation ways; the environmental ben
14、efits of biomass gasification power generation equals to those of co-firing power generation due to its less efficiency; and fuel cost of biomass direct power generation is more than that of the other ways. The co-firing power generation can use the equipment of original coal-fired units, its invest
15、ment is less than that of any 华北水利水电学院硕士学位论文 V other ways. At present, biomass resources havent been fully utilized in our country which is less than 1% of total biomass resources as energy. Most amount of biomass was wasted or utilization efficiency is extremely lower. The potential of biomass reso
16、urces is quite large. It is necessary to develop effective biomass power generation ways and biomass co-firing with coal is the best one. KEYWORDS: Biomass power generation; Environmental benefits; Fuel costs; Utilization potential 独立完成与诚信声明 本人郑重声明：所提交的学位论文，是本人在指导教师的指导下，独立进行研究 工作所取得的研究成果并撰写完成的。没有剽窃、抄袭等违反学术道德、学术规范的侵 权行为。文中除已经标注引用的内容外，本学位论文中不包含其他人或集体已
