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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 最简方案视角下的存现句研究 姓名：刘娜 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师：文卫平 20080601 Descriptive Chinese Abstract i 摘 要 存现句一直以来备受人们的关注。 国内外很多学者都从不同的角度进行了探讨和研 究。英语存现句是一个具有特殊属性的结构，其句法特征主要表现为：有一个虚主语 there（expletive-there）作为句法主语，谓语通常由一个表示存在、出现或消失的非宾格 动词充当，谓语后面跟一个表示非确指意义的名词短语（indefinite NP） ，名词短语后一 般会有一个表示方位的介词短语或
2、副词（locative phrase） 。在有关英语存现句的句法研 究中，讨论的焦点主要集中在以下几个问题上：虚主语 there 是否具有格特征，它与存 现句中的方位短语（LP）是否有某种联系；动词后名词短语（postverbal NP）的格指派 问题（case assignment）以及存现句的生成过程。而汉语存现句在国内的传统语法学家 以及生成语法学家中也一直是热点问题。对于汉语存现句的分类问题，存现动词的研究 以及存现动词后的成分的分析，汉语语法学界已经对存现句展开了深入的研究，并取得 了相当的成果。 本文旨在研究英汉存现句的语义及句法特点，并且在最简方案（MP）的框架下推 导英汉存现句
3、的生成。我们首先界定本文要研究的英汉存现句的范围，回顾在最简方案 下关于存现句的研究成果，然后分别阐述英语存现句和汉语存现句。关于英语存现句的 研究主要是围绕 there 展开论述，汉语存现句的研究主要是针对汉语存现句的分类问题 以及主语问题。 关键词关键词：虚主语 there；有；存现句；最简方案 English Abstract ii Abstract Existential sentence has never failed to capture peoples attention on account of its peculiar linguistic properties. Sch
4、olars abroad and at home have studied it from different perspectives. English existential sentence is a construction of special properties, which consist of the expletive there, an unaccusative predicate verb denoting existence, appearance or disappearance, an indefinite noun phrase( NP) situated in
5、 the postverbal position and a prepositional phrase or an adverb indicating location(locative phrase). Syntactic studies on existential sentences focus on the following issues: the case requirement of the expletive there and the relationship between there and the locative phrase (LP); the case assig
6、nment of the postverbal NP and the derivation of existential sentences. Chinese existential sentence has long been a hot field of research among Chinese grammarians, traditional grammarians and generative linguists alike. They have given an in-depth and comprehensive description of every element in
7、this interesting type of sentences: its classification, the predicate verb, and the postverbal entity, etc. This thesis focuses on the study of the semantic and syntactic properties of English and Chinese existential sentences, and explains the generation of English and Chinese existential sentences
8、 in the Minimalist Program (MP). First，we will introduces the definitions of English and Chinese existential sentences, and then reviews the theoretical and empirical research literature relevant to this study within the framework of Minimalist Program (MP). Empirical studies are made in chapter 3 a
9、nd chapter 4, in which existential sentences in English and Chinese are touched upon. Chapter 3 mainly discussed the expletive there, subjecthood of postverbal NP, and derivation of English existential sentences. Chapter 4 analyzes Chinese existential verbs, the classification problem, and discusses
10、 the subject-object problem in the Chinese existential sentences and derivation of Chinese existential sentences. Key words: expletive-there; you; existential sentence; MP 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的 研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或 集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人
11、和集体，均 已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保 留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借 阅。 本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行 检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 Introduction 0.1 1 Introduction 0.1 Ov
12、erview Existential sentence has never failed to capture peoples attention on account of its peculiar linguistic properties. Scholars abroad and at home have studied it from different perspectives. According to Quirk (1989:1403), existential sentence is “in serving to bring the existence of an entire
13、 proposition to the attention of the hearer”. But some researchers also include those sentences that imply the appearance and disappearance of something at some place. As Tang Tingchi et al. (1981:199) states, “Existential sentences refer to those sentences which express the existence, in the widest
14、 sense of the notion, of a nominal element that plays the semantic role of a patient. Typically, these sentences involve a verb from three categories of presence, appearance, and disappearance.” Different approaches have been applied to the investigation of this specific linguistic phenomenon, but u
15、nfortunately, none of them could obtain any consistent and satisfactory results. Early researches were mostly descriptive. They attempted to give a rough description of the classification, the characteristics and the functions of the existential sentence. Just as Givn (1979:72-3) puts it: Existentia
16、l-presentative has a number of universal characteristics: a. It distributes most frequently at discourse-initial position, thus indicating that it is used discourse contexts in which the least shared background of common knowledge is presupposed by the speaker. b. In all subject-first languages which have this device, the characteristic word-order o
