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1、石河子大学 硕士学位论文 小麦抗性淀粉含量的遗传分析及QTL定位研究 姓名：庞欢 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：作物遗传育种 指导教师：李卫华 20100601 IV 摘 要 抗性淀粉(Resistant starch，RS) 是一种新型的淀粉产品，在人体小肠中不能被淀粉酶消化吸收， 其生理功能独特，近年来逐渐成为碳水化合物研究的热点之一。为了给高抗性淀粉新型保健小麦新 品系的选育提供理论依据，本研究选用3个抗性淀粉含量高的小麦品种和3个抗性淀粉含量低的春小 麦品种进行双列杂交，探讨抗性淀粉含量的遗传规律。同时选择抗性淀粉含量差异较大的两个春小 麦品种M344和武春3号的F2:3群体，构建小麦抗性
2、淀粉含量的遗传连锁图谱，并进行QTL定位，主要 研究结果如下： 1、选用3个抗性淀粉含量较高的小麦品种和3个抗性淀粉含量较低的小麦品种按Griffing双列杂 交设计配置成15个杂交组合，以亲本及F1为材料进行了小麦籽粒抗性淀粉含量的遗传规律分析。结 果表明，在6个小麦品种中，安农90202和D68-20抗性淀粉含量的一般配合力较好，能显著地提高杂 种后代籽粒抗性淀粉含量。安农9020204单28和06-5D68-20组合的特殊配合力最好，两者特殊 配合力效应值显著地高于其他组合。小麦抗性淀粉含量的遗传符合加性-显性模型，显性程度为超显 性。控制抗性淀粉含量的增效等位基因表现为隐性，且亲本中抗
3、性淀粉含量的增、减效等位基因的 分布不平衡，高抗性淀粉含量的亲本中隐性基因数量多于显性基因数量。本试验中安农90202和04 单28控制抗性淀粉含量的隐性基因较多,而宁春18和新春5号含有的显性基因数量较多。同时研究发 现小麦抗性淀粉含量的狭义遗传力中等，为36.49%。 2、利用抗性淀粉含量较高的小麦品种 M344 和抗性淀粉含量较低的小麦品种武春 3 号重组自交 得到 F2:3家系，对 F2:3家系抗性淀粉含量与总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及膨胀势进行了相关、回归及 通径分析。结果表明，小麦抗性淀粉含量与直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.18），通径分析表 明直链淀粉含量对小麦抗性淀粉含量存
4、在正向影响，直接通径系数达 0.169；小麦抗性淀粉含量与 总淀粉含量呈显著正相关（r=0.151）；但与膨胀势间呈不显著负相关（r=-0.57）。小麦抗性淀粉 含量与总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及膨胀势间的回归方程为 Y=0.289+0.007X1+0.037X2-0.033X3，该 方程可解释抗性淀粉 7%的表型变异。 3、对 F2:3家系抗性淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量和膨胀势进行复合区间作图的 QTL 定 位。利用 Joinmap3.0 软件构建了包含有 163 个标记、33 个连锁群的遗传连锁图谱，分布于 18 条染 色体上。连锁图谱总长度为 1622.5cM，标记间平均距离 9.
5、95cM。利用 QTLmapper 2.0 软件共检测 到 8 个主效 QTL 和 19 对上位性 QTL。其中，抗性淀粉含量检测到 2 个加性 QTL，总淀粉含量 1 个加 性 QTL，直链淀粉含量 1 个加性 QTL 以及膨胀势 1 个加性 QTL 和 3 个显性 QTL，分布于 4A、4A、1D、 5D、1D、1B、3A 和 6A 染色体上，贡献率分别为 11.47%、12.53%、5.34%、8.49%、11.3%、9.99%、 10.0%和 3.3%。另外，上位性 QTL 抗性淀粉含量检测到 2 对，总淀粉含量 8 对，直链淀粉含量 5 对 以及膨胀势 4 对，总贡献率分别为 8.3
6、%、17.78%、8.13%和 3.87%。研究发现在 2B 染色体 Xwmc453.3-Xcfd44.2 区间上的 QTL 位点同时影响抗性淀粉含量和总淀粉含量，2D 染色体 Xgwm296-Xgwm455.2 区间上 QTL 位点同时影响抗性淀粉含量、总淀粉含量和直链淀粉含量，表明 抗性淀粉含量与总淀粉含量和直链淀粉含量间的关系密切。 关键词： 关键词：遗传分析; QTL; 抗性淀粉; 小麦; SSR V Abstract Resistant starch (RS) is the sum of starch not absorbed by amylase in the small inte
7、stine. Its the focus of carbohydrate researches recently, and the unique physical function of RS has aroused many researchers concern. The objective of this study is helping to select new wheat cultivar with high resistant starch content. In the study, three wheat cultivars with high resistant starc
8、h content and three wheat cultivars with low resistant starch content were selected to cross without reciprocals，and the inheritance of resistant starch content was analyzed by six wheat cultivars and their F1 combinations. A wheat cultivar (M344） with higher resistant starch content and the other w
9、heat cultivar (Wuchun 3) with lower resistant starch content were selected to obtain recombinant inbred lines (RILs), which was used to construct genetic map and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for resistant starch content. The main results were summarized as follows: 1、In the study, three wh
10、eat cultivars with high resistant starch content and three wheat cultivars with low resistant starch content were selected to obtain 15 F1 combinations from a diallel cross without reciprocals，and the inheritance of resistant starch content was analyzed by six wheat cultivars and their F1 combinatio
11、ns. The results showed that Annong 90202 and D68-20 were the best among all test wheat cultivars for general combining ability of resistant starch content and it could increase the resistant starch content in its crossing progeny significantly or extremely significantThe specific combining ability o
12、f Annong 9020204 Dan 28 and 06-5D68-20 were the best among all of the F1 combinations. Their values of specific combining ability effects were higher than other combinations significantly. The inheritance of resistant starch content which degree of dominance was super dominance fitted in the additiv
13、e-dominance model and was controlled by both additive and dominant effects. The alleles increasing resistant starch content were recessive genes, which were more than dominant genes in high resistant starch content parents. The distribution of increasing or reducing alleles among 6 parents was diffe
14、rent. Annong 90202 and 04 Dan 28 had more recessive genes controlling resistant starch content, while Ningchun 18 and Xinchun 5 had more dominant genes in the studyThe narrow sense heritability of resistant starch content was 36.49%. 2、 A wheat cultivar （M344） with higher resistant starch content an
15、d the other wheat cultivar （Wuchun 3） with lower resistant starch content were selected to recombinant inbred to obtain F2:3 Lines. The relation ship between the resistant starch content and the other starch quality characters (total starch content, amylose content and swelling power) in wheat was a
16、nalyzed by correlation, regression and path analyses. The result showed that resistant starch content positively correlated with amylase content extremely significant(r=0.18,p0.01), which also positively correlated with total starch content significant(r = 0.151,p0.05) and negatively correlated with swelling power (r = -0.57). Path analysis showed total starch content could improve resistant starch content and the direct path modulus between them was 0.169
