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1、南京航空航天大学 硕士学位论文 大型宽带射频仿真系统校准技术研究 姓名：于迪文 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：电磁场与微波技术 指导教师：周永刚 2010-11 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 随着导弹制导雷达技术的发展，对射频仿真系统的要求也在不断提高，射频仿真系统向宽 频带、多目标、大型化方向发展。由此带来了系统复杂性的增加，校准难度增大。如何在有限 的时间内完成必要的测试， 并对误差进行消除和修正， 最终保证整个系统的精度符合设计要求， 是一个具有挑战性的任务。 本论文依托北京某研究所大型宽带射频仿真系统项目，对校准技术进行了深入研究。该研 究对于大型宽带射频仿真系统的校准具有普遍
2、的指导意义。 本文首先介绍了大型宽带射频仿真系统的工作原理和以提高目标定位精度为目的的阵列校 准技术。并对校准系统的工作原理与构成进行了介绍，并对其中各个模块的性能进行了分析。 为了对目标定位误差进行修正， 需要对各种误差来源以及误差对目标精度的影响进行分析。 本文从目标阵列馈电系统和校准接收系统两个方面对系统误差进行了理论分析，讨论了射频馈 电系统误差对三元组合成目标精度的影响，以及校准接收系统中可能存在的误差。并对微波暗 室中的多径效应对接收信号的影响进行了分析。 然后本文从校准方案设计的角度，对校准系统中的各个校准环节的功能及实现方案进行了 详细的分析与论述，在此基础上设计了各个校准环节
3、的流程图，为整个阵列校准提供了一个较 为完备的方案。 最后，根据不同频段近场误差的不同表现，提出了两种误差模型，并设计了相应的阵列控 制修正算法。考虑到大型宽带射频仿真系统的特点，在误差模型的建立时，避免了全阵面扫描 测量的方式，有效的减少了测试工作量，提高了测试的灵活度。经过验证，这两种修正算法对 系统定位精度有良好的修正效果，最终通过了项目的验收。 关键词：关键词：射频仿真系统，大型宽带，校准技术，误差分析，近场修正 大型宽带射频仿真系统校准技术研究 II ABSTRACT With the development of missile technology, the requiremen
4、ts of RFSS (Radio Frequency Simulation System) are also rising. Large-scale, broadband has become the development trends of the RFSS, resulting increase in system complexity and calibration workload. It is a challenging task to complete the necessary testing in a limited time, to eliminate errors an
5、d to ensure the accuracy of the entire system meets the design. This paper based on a project of building a large scale broadband RFSS, and studied the calibration technology for such system. The result of such study has an instructional significance in the calibration work of RFSS. This paper first
6、 introduced the principals of large scale broadband RFSS and the calibration technology to improve the simulation accuracy. The principle and structure of calibration system was also introduced, and the performance of each module is analyzed. In order to correct the error of simulated target locatio
7、n, we need to analyze a variety of sources of error. This article did a theoretical error analysis of antenna arrays feed system and receiving system, discussed the impact of errors in a triple-antenna array upon the synthesized target location, and the errors which may exist in the receiving system
8、. This paper also analyzed the impact of multi-path effects upon the received signals in microwave darkroom. Then from the perspective of the calibration system design, this paper discussed the functions and implementations of various calibration procedures, and carried out the flow chart of each ca
9、libration procedure providing a complete solution. Finally, depending on the performances in different frequency bands, we proposed two error models and corresponding amendments to the array control algorithm. Taking into account the characteristics of large-scale broadband RFSS, the error models av
10、oided scanning the whole array, effectively reduced the testing effort, and improved the flexibility of the test. After verification, these two modified algorithms had good positioning precision correction results, and were finally accepted by the project. Keywords: Radio Frequency Simulation System
11、, Large Scale, Broadband, Calibration Technology, Near-Field Error Correction 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 V 图表清单 图 2.1 射频仿真系统结构图.6 图 2.2 六自由度调整装置.7 图 2.3 射频馈电系统定位原理图.7 图 2.4 DRFM 雷达目标模拟系统原理框图 .9 图 2.5 计算机控制系统结构图.10 图 2.6 VMIPCI-5565 反射内存网卡及 VMIACC-5595HUB 构成星型网络图.11 图 3.1 光学校准系统结构图.14 图 3.2 转台控制软件界面图.14 图 3.3 校准装置结构图.15 图 3.4 2-6GHz 校准接收机原理图.17 图 3.5 相位法测角原理图.17 图 4.1 目标定向的几何关系.21 图 4.2 波前相位倾斜示意图.23 图 4.3 三元组几何位置图.
