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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 汉语散文中的零形回指：基于四位作者部分作品的分析 姓名：邓梦林 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师：文卫平 20080605 Descriptive Chinese Abstract i 摘 要 本文从句法与语义的视角研究了汉语散文中的零形回指。系列动词连用句中，第一 个谓语动词的语义特征对句内零主语的预测和解读有决定作用。 语篇中各小句的句法结 构及它们的语义层次能够有效地引导读者预测与解读跨句零主语及零宾语。 通过对领位 零形式的探讨，我们发现“框架名词”是一个很重要的概念，决定了领位零形式的预测 与解读。 导言介绍了本文研究对象与研究动机。
2、 第一章回顾了前人对汉语零形回指的部分研 究成果并指出了其中的不足。第二章详细讨论了处于主语位置零指称的预测与解读，发 现现有的从纯句法视角出发的句内零指称解读方法有其局限性， 尝试性地提出了跨句零 主语的预测与解读原则。第三章简要讨论了零宾语的预测与解读。第四章详细讨论了领 位零形式，并尝试性提出了领位零形式的预测与解读原则。结论概括了本研究的成果及 意义，并指出了本研究有待完善之处。 通过对汉语散文中零指称的研究，我们发现汉语中的零形回指是个非常复杂的现 象，某单一方法很难对它的预测与解读做出充分的解释。句法与语义是读者和听者理解 语篇的基础，因此也应是形回零指的预测与解读的基础。我们希望
3、本文的研究能有助于 进一步了解现代汉语中的零形回指。 关键词：关键词：零形回指；预测；解读 English Abstract ii Abstract This thesis discusses zero anaphora in Chinese prose from the perspective of syntax and semantics. As to intrasentential zero subjects, the semantics of the first verb determines the choice of the referents of zero forms. The
4、 syntactic structure of each clause and the semantic layers of the clauses within the discourse matter a lot in the choice of referents of intersentential zero subjects and zero objects. It also studies zero attributives and finds that “frame noun” is an important concept which will determine the pr
5、ediction and recovery of zero attributives. Introduction raises the research questions and elaborates the motivation for this topic. Chapter one reviews the major previous studies on zero anaphora in Chinese. Chapter two explores the prediction and recovery of zero subjects. We find that the previou
6、s approaches to explain intrasentential zero subjects from syntactic and pragmatic perspectives can not convincingly account for many cases appearing in our database. We tentatively propose the prediction and recovery principles of intersentential zero subjects. Chapter three demonstrates the predic
7、tion and recovery of zero objects. Chapter four illustrates the prediction and recovery of zero attributives, and also tentatively puts forward the principles of predicting and recovering zero attributives. Conclusion summarizes the major findings and limitations of the thesis. By investigating zero
8、 anaphora in Chinese prose, we find that zero anaphora in Chinese is an extremely complicated phenomenon. Syntax and semantics provide the basis for the readers and hearers to understand a discourse, so the prediction and recovery of zero anaphora is also based on syntax and semantics. Hopefully, th
9、is study could make some contribution to the understanding of zero anaphora in Chinese. Key Words: zero anaphora; prediction; recovery 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的 研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或 集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均 已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承
10、担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保 留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借 阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行 检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 Introduction 0.1 1 Introduction 0.1 Background Anaphora is a kind of textual
11、 elements, which refers to earlier text elements and shares the same meaning of the antecedents (Halliday Wang, 19851943; M. K. Gao, 19861948; C. N. Li, 1992; Chao, 1968). It has been studied from different perspectives, but there still is a long way to go before this linguistic phenomenon gets an o
12、verall description and renders convincing and effective prediction and interpretation of its antecedent because of the complexity of this phenomenon itself. Firstly, most of the research concerned with zero anaphora in Chinese in the past limits to its occurrence and use; little has dealt with the q
13、uestion of how readers or listeners recover the referents of zero anaphors. Secondly, most of the investigators focus their studies on the issue of zero subject in Chinese, while it occurs frequently in other syntactic positions, such as in object position and in attributive position, rather than on
14、ly in subject position. In this thesis, the author will mainly focus on zero anaphora in Chinese prose from the syntactic and semantic perspectives. The study field of this thesis includes the following two cases: 1) the anaphor refers to “what its antecedent refers to” (Lyons, 1977:657-67, 1979); a
15、nd 2) both the anaphor and its antecedent are present in the same discourse (Wasow, 1986:107-22), which is exampled in (1) below, but excludes (2) and (3).2 (1) George got up early and went to school ahead of time.3 (2) Georges school bag is blue while Harrys is brown. Introduction 0.2 3 (3) a. Yige xiaohuozi, hai meiyou jiehun jiu qu bang duixiang jia ganhou, b. hui yinqi yixie ren de xiaohua de. The antecedents and anaphors in example (2) and (3) are really in the same discourse, but the anaphor in (2) is not co-referential with its antecedent, and the antecedent in (3)
