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1、西安科技大学 硕士学位论文 魏家地矿高应力软岩巷道破坏规律及其返修技术 姓名:马忠元 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:矿业工程 指导教师:任建喜;梁习明 论文题目:魏家地矿高应力软岩巷道破坏规律及其返修技术 工程领域:矿业工程 硕 士 生:马忠元 (签名) 指导老师:任建喜 (签名) 梁习明 (签名) 摘 要 开展煤矿高应力软岩巷道支护技术研究具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。 本文 以魏家地煤矿二号石门返修工程为依托,采用理论分析与现场实践相结合的方法,对煤 矿高应力软岩巷道的围岩变形规律及其返修技术进行了研究。主要内容与结论有: (1)研究了复杂条件下软岩巷道的变形破坏机理,重点分析了影响煤矿动
2、压软岩 巷道稳定的主要因素:巷道围岩的性质、巷道位置、埋深、采动影响、构造应力影响以 及支护方式等。 (2)采用钻孔窥视仪对围岩进行探测,确定了围岩松动范围,分析了二号石门破 坏的主要原因。二号石门返修段破坏的主要原因是巷道埋深大、巷道布置在高应力(向 斜构造上) 、已采工作面采空区矿压显现剧烈、采掘接续紧张导致采区布置不合理、煤 柱留设宽度和位置不合理、支护形式选择不尽合理。 (3)完成了二号石门返修段的支护方案设计。确定采用锚杆(索) 、锚注联合支护 方案作为二号石门返修段的一次支护方案、 预留刚隙柔层支护技术与反拱配合使用进行 混凝土全断面浇注作为二次支护方案,通过理论计算结合实际情况给
3、出了支护参数。根 据返修段各个特征段的不同地质情况给出了各特征段的一次支护方案以及二次支护方 案。 (4)设计了二号石门的返修施工监测方案,采用信息化技术进行施工,完成了巷 道围岩变形规律和锚杆(索)受力特征监测研究。结果表明:锚索对控制巷道深部围岩 变形有重要作用。锚注支护具有锚杆与注浆相结合的双重作用,可以达到加固围岩、提 高和改善围岩力学性能、控制围岩变形的效果。注浆可以将松散围岩胶结成一个整体, 使得锚杆和锚索成为全长锚固,有效地控制围岩变形。对于重要的煤矿动压大巷应该采 用包括一次支护和二次支护的联合支护方案进行支护以保证巷道的安全使用。 关 键 词:高应力软岩;巷道围岩;破坏机理;
4、返修;联合支护 研究类型:应用基础研究 Subject : Study on Rework Technology and Failure Mechanism of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway in Weijiadi Coal Mine Engineering Field: Mining Engineering Name : Ma Zhongyuan (Signature) Instructor : Ren Jianxi (Signature) Liang Ximing (Signature) ABSTRACT The researches to supporti
5、ng technology of soft rock roadway in high stress area are of profound theoretical and practical significance. Taking repair project of 2nd crosscut roadway in Weijiadi Coal Mine as the project background.The paper employ the way of combination of on-site practice and theoretical analysis to study d
6、eformation law of soft rock roadway in high-stress area and rework technology. The main conclusions are as follows (1) Failure mechanism of soft rock roadway is studied under complex conditions , it is focused on the analysis of the main factors affecting dynamic pressure of coal mine and stability
7、of soft rock roadway: the properties of surrounding rocks mass, roadway location, roadway depth, exploited influence, influence of tectonic stress and supporting methods. (2) Using by borehole endoscope instrument, the study of testing loose circle scope is completed. The leading destruction reasons
8、 of the 2nd crosscut is analyzed. The damage of roadway is mainly due to large depth, and location of the roadway is in the high-stress areas(synclinal structure ), the fierce underground press in mined-out area, location of mining area are not reasonable caused by short period of driving and mining
9、 sequence, width and location of remain coal pillar are unreasonable ,supporting methods is not rational. (3) Supporting design of the rework section of the 2nd crosscut is done. Application of combined support with bolt (cable) and bolt-grouting is used as the first supporting scheme for the rework
10、 section of the 2nd crosscut roadway. The supporting technology combined flexible layer with rigid gap and inverted arch to pour concrete on full face pf roadway is used as the second support. The support parameters are presented according to theoretical calculation and actual situation. The first a
11、nd second support scheme of every feature section are given based on various features of geology in different feature section. (4) Construction monitoring scheme of the rework section of the 2nd crosscut is designed. Information technology for construction is adopted. Deformation laws of surrounding
12、 rock and force characteristics of bolt (cable) are researched by on-site monitoring. The results showed that: anchor plays an important role on controlling deformation of surrounding rock in the deep rock tunnel. Bolt-grouting supporting has dual functions on integrating bolt and grouting. It can a
13、chieve effect on reinforcing surrounding rock, improving and strengthen the mechanical properties of surrounding rock, controlling the deformation of roadway rock. Loose surrounding rock can be cemented into an integral whole by grouting. Bolt and cable becomes full length bolt to controlling the de
14、formation of roadway rock effectively.For the major dynamic pressure roadway in coal mine, combined support with the first supporting and the second supporting should be applied to keeping the roadway safe. Key words: high stress soft rock surrounding rock of roadway failure mechanism rework combine
15、d supporting Thesis : Application research 1 绪论 1 1 绪论 1.1 问题提出及研究的意义 高应力巷道围岩(支护结构)的稳定性是一个复杂的岩石力学问题1,从理论上讲, 井下巷道围岩稳定性的基本决定因素是围岩应力与围岩(支护)强度,围岩应力超过围 岩(支护)强度时,巷道将处于一种不稳定状态。但影响巷道稳定性的因素很多,例如, 巷道围岩的性质、围岩结构和破坏情况、巷道位置、深度、巷道轴线方向、地下水的作 用、巷道的断面尺寸、掘进破岩方法、暴露时间、采动影响、构造应力影响以及支护类 型等。 随着我国矿井开采深度逐年增加,采深已由浅部向深部发展,巷道的围
16、岩应力也随 矿井开采深度增加而增大,围岩条件变得更加复杂,出现了地压显现(巷道围岩应力)十 分强烈、巷道变形急剧增大、巷道底鼓及巷道两帮片帮严重2,并且在一些岩巷中有岩 爆发生、地温普遍增大等现象,这些都严重地危害了巷道围岩的稳定性和巷道维护,并 成为制约深部开采矿井安全生产的主要因素。 正是由于深部矿井开采存在着上述的这些 制约因素, 深部巷道围岩稳定性分析和巷道支护技术不能简单地照搬现存的巷道围岩稳 定性的分析方法和巷道支护技术, 必须根据不同的情况和条件以及影响因素的主要矛盾 和次要矛盾进行重点的综合的分析。 全国煤矿顶板事故中有 1/31/2 就发生在巷道工程 中,而且有不断增加的趋势。 越来越多的煤矿进入深部开采,由于深部岩石具有高应力、高温、流变现象严重的 三个特点,高应力煤矿巷道的破坏模式、破坏规律、支护技术等问题成为深井开采