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1、定语从句 定语从句考点 1. 关系代词 that which; whose; which as 的用法比较； 2. 关系代词和关系副词的用法比较； 3. 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句； 4. 定语从句与并列句的区别。 定义：在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如： 1) Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen that/which I lost yest
2、erday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，例1)中的man 就是先行 词。 1) Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen tha
3、t/which I lost yesterday? 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。分为 关系代词 关系副词 1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词。 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 关系词的3个作用： 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词 与定语从句中间起联系的作用， 同时作定语从句的一个成分。 关系词 关系副词 关系代词 that,which, who,whom,whose when, where, why 引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 分析关系词在定语从句中的作用 1) Do you know the man who/that is standing over there? 2) The
4、 girl (that/who/whom) we were talking about is Joan. 3) Did you see the pen (that/which) I lost yesterday? 4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League. 5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 指人 作主语 注意谓语动词 指人 作宾语 可省略 指物 作宾语 可省略 指时间 作状语 指地点 作状语 6) Can you tell me the
5、 reason why/for which you are late? 7) Who is the person whose handwriting is the best of you? 8) The book that/which is about the USA has been lost. 指原因 作状语 指人 作定语 指物 作主语 注意谓语动词 主语 宾语 定语 that/who that/who(m) whose that/which 关系代词的用法小结 whose 指人的关系代词 指物的关系代词 可 省略 主语 宾语 定语 that/which 可 省略 主谓 一致 主谓 一致
6、关系副词的用法小结 when wherewhy 表示地点，在从 句中作地点状语 表示原因，在从 句中作原因状语 表示时间，在 从句中作时间 状语 介词加关系代词引导定语从句的用法 关系代词which和whom 除了在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语外， 还可以作介词的宾语。在作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在 整个定语从句的前面（此时关系代词不能省略),为了使关系代词紧 跟先行词也可以把介词放在相关动词的后面，这种从句叫做带介 词的定语从句。如: 1) That is the room in which I live. (or: That is the room which /that I live
7、 in.) 2) I met the man to whom you talked yesterday. (or: I met the man whom /that/ who you talked to yesterday.) 注意：当先行词是表示地点或时间的名词时，关系词的选用要根 据其在从句中的作用而决定，如果关系词在从句中作状语，则需 选用关系副词；如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语，则应选用关系 代词。如： 1)This is the school that /which I visited last year. 宾语 2) We didnt accept the reason that/w
8、hich he gave . 宾语 3) I shall never forget the days that /which we spent in the countryside. 宾语 4) He told me the date that /which was the most important to him in his life. 主语 注1： 当介词放在相关动词后面时，which 可用that 来替换；whom 可用that 或 who 来替换。此时关系代词可以省略。如： 1) That is the room (that ) I live in. 2) I met the ma
9、n (that) you talked to yesterday. 注2： 如果关系代词作含有介词的动词短语的宾语，此时动词短语 不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如： Wrong: This is the pen for which I am looking. Right: This is the pen which I am looking for. 注3： 当先行词是way（方式、方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that 来代替in which 来引导定语从句， 而且也常常省略；另外当先行 词是time（次，其前面用序数词修饰）时，根据英语的习惯常用 that来代替for which 来引导定语
10、从句。如： 1) The way (that) we did it was very simple. 2) This is the first time (that) we shall see an English film. 关系代词指物时，多数情况下既可以用that 又可以用which 。如： 1) This is the book that (which) I bought yesterday. 2) Dont read in light that (which) is too bright. 在下列情况下，一般习惯用that 而不用which。 先行词为all, little, not
11、hing, anything, something , everything, much, a few 等不定代词时。 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, a few等不定代词 修饰时。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。 当定语从句修饰用两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词的时 候。 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，一般用 that 来引导定语从句。 在下列情况下，一般习惯用that 而不用which。 当一个
12、句子有两个定语从句，其中一个已用which，另一个则 用that。如：We bought a present which they made themselves that had never been seen before. 在here be或there be结构开头的句子中，多用that。如：Heres the book that you want. 注意，先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限制。 但是： a.当主句是以who 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，最好不用 who来引导定语从句，而用that(宾格可以用whom)来引导。 b.当先行词是those时宜用who。 c.当先行词和定
13、语从句相隔离时宜用who。如：I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese. d.当一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个用that，另一个宜用 who。如： The man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole your wallet. 只能用which的情况： 1.介词提到关系代词前 The city in which she lives is far away. The city which/th
14、at she lives in is far away. 2.引导非限制性定语从句 I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book. 3.整个句子是先行词，从句前面往往有逗号。 He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. as引导的限制性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as 常用于the same.as, such. as , as. as和so.as 结构中。as 引导的定语从句常采用 省略形式。如： 1）I have never seen such
15、a lazy man as you (are ). 我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。（作表语） 2) Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.让孩子们读使他们变得更好、更聪明的书。（作主语） 3) Take as many as you want.你想要多少就拿多少。（作宾语） 4) Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这儿有一块没人能搬 动的大石头。（作宾语） 注：the same.后既可以用that 也可以用 as 来引导定语从句， that“同一的”指同一事物；而后者引导定语从句时， as“相似”指 同类事物。如： 1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. ( This sentence means: This pen is mine. I lost it yesterday.) 2) This is the sam
