定语从句 关系词的特殊情况和用法 关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用 但在有些情况下，只用 that ⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容 词修饰时 例如： ① This is the best that has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时 例如： ① This is the last place (that) I want to visit. ② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. ⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时 例如： ① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’t got much that we can offer you. ⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。
例如： ① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. 宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时 例如： ① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时 例如： ① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. 用whom, 不用who的情况 在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词，且关系代词直 接跟在介词后面时，只用whom,不用who. I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park. We shouldn’t spend money testing those people, most of whom are healthy. 介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可 以前提至关系代词前。
例如： Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： ⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能 用whom和which，而不再用that或who ⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略 ⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如： look for, look after, take care of等例如： ①错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to? 正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? ②错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care. 正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 11. We heard the news which our team won the game. 改成that 12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable. why 13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names. those who 14. That was the reason because she looked old. why 15. This is the factory where we visited last week. which Soon they came to a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. Soon they came to a farm house. A small boy sat in front of （the house）. 状语 ？Soon they came to a farm house, where/which there is a small boy sat in front of. This is the factory in which/where my father works. 1． 介词+which 表时间、地点或原因，代替 关系副词 when、where、why： 1）I still remember the day on which （ =when） I went to Beijing. 2）The factory in which （=where ）I work is a large one. 3) This is the reason for which (=why ) he was late for school. 介词前置 2. 介词+which (指物),whom (指人), 作分句 中的目的、方式、地点状语等。
这种结构中的 介词一般为动词所支配 1）Could you tell me the man for whom you have bought this coat (for)? 2) He built a window through which he could look (through) what went on inside. 3) The man , from whom I learned the news (from) ,is an engineer. 3. 介词词组+ 关系代词 (which 指物 , whom 指人),表示存在关系关系分句中须主谓倒 置 1） They arrived at a farmhouse ，in front of which sat an old man. 2） I saw a woman， on the head of whom stood a bird. 4. 不定代词或数词 + 介词 of which (指物), whom ( 指人),说明整体中的部分关系. 1) China has many islands, one of which is Taiwan. 2) There are a great many students here, none of whom like the film. 3) He has five children, all of whom are Party members. 4) Those foreign teachers , most of whom have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much. 5) There are many kinds of birds in Australia ,and over 140 species of snakes, many of which are extremely dangerous. 5. 介词 by +which (指物),whom (指人), 在 被动结构中表明动作的发出者. 1）The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 2) The man by whom the wolf was shot is a good hunter. 6. of which 代替 whose ，指物 ，用作分 句中的 后置定语。
1）I saw some trees， the leaves of which （=whose leaves ）were black with disease 2） He mentioned a book ， the title of which （=whose title ） I have forgotten 7． 介词+which （指物），whose （指人），作 前置定语，修饰后面的中心词 1） It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces 2）The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the map 8．介词+which +动词不定式 1） She had only 1.87 dollars with which to buy Jim a present 2） At last there was something about which to write home 1．A good ad often uses words_____ people attach positive meanings. A．in which B to which C for which D on which 2．Dr Curtis Welch discovered that some children had a terrible disease_____he had no medicine。
A．by which B on which C for which D to which 3．13．In the new city there wasn‘t a single person_____the poor boy could turn for help. A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom B C D 4.This is the worker, _____the book was written. A. who B. whom C. of whom D. by whom 5. The book, the cover,______is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for it C. in where D. of which 6.I like the way______he talks and laughs. A. which B. when C.。