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1、 国际货运代理专业英语 Unit One 新内容 International Trade (一）基本要求 了解: Definition and Importance, Barriers to International Trade 熟悉: Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade, WTO 掌握: Risks in International Trade, Steps of International Trade （二）考试内容： 1. Definition and Importance 2. Differences
2、between International Trade and Domestic Trade 3. Risks in International Trade 4. World Trade Organization 5. Barriers to International Trade 6. Steps of International Trade 2. Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade nInternational trade is typically more costly（成本高） than domestic
3、 trade.(reason: additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to board delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system, culture. ) nThe factors of production（ 生产要素）are typically more mobile （流动）within a country than across countries. (International trade is
4、 mostly restricted to trade in goods and service). nInternational trade is also a branch of economics, which together with international finance, forms the large branch of international economics. 3. Risks in International Trade nEconomic risks (1)insolvency （破产）of the buyer; (2)the failure of the b
5、uyer to pay the amount; (3)non-acceptance;(4) exchange rate, etc. nPolitical risks (1)cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses ; (2)war risks; (3)expropriation or confiscation of the importers company; (4)risk of the imposition of an import ban （禁止进口）after the shipment of the goods;(
6、5) transfer riskimposition of exchange controls （外汇管制） by the importers country or foreign currency shortages; (6)influence of political parties in importers company. 4.World Trade Organization nWTO definition（世贸组织） It is best described as an umbrella organization （伞式组织）under which the agreements th
7、at came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations（乌拉圭多边贸易谈判） are gathered. nWTO functions to implement, administer, and carry out WTO Agreement and it annexes; to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations; to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes; to review （评
8、价、回顾）the trade policies and practices of member states. 6. Steps （步骤）of International Trade nStarting with market research nSeeking customers nContact each other by sending inquiries nStatus inquiry（询价状况） nQuotations or offers;acceptance or non acceptance nOrder; contract nObtaining import/export li
9、cense; opening L/C ，receiving L/C nPreparation of goods by the seller nInspection or survey of goods nReserving shipping space（订舱） nEffecting insurance nCustoms clearance nShipping advice nNegotiation of export documents under L/C by the beneficiary nRedemption of documents （赎单）under L/C nCustoms cl
10、earance for import nDelivery of goods nLodging and settling claims （索理赔）(if any) Unit Two Scope of Freight Forwarding Service （一）基本要求 了解：The freight forwarders original duty 熟悉： Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor 掌握：Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee
11、 （二）考试内容 1. The freight forwarders original duty 2. Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor 3. Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee 2. The forwarders services on behalf of consignor(exporter) nChoose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. nBoo
12、k space with the selected carrier. nTake delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt , （FCR收货凭证） the Forwarders Certificate of Transport , （FCT运输凭证） etc. nStudy the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to th
13、e shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents. 2. The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter） nPack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the
14、 goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit counties and country of destination. nArrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary. nWeight and measure the goods. nDraw the consignors attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if requir
15、ed by the consignor. nTransport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier. 2. The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter） nAttend to foreign exchange transactions, if any. nPay fees and other charges incl
16、uding freight. nObtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor. nArrange for transshipment en route if necessary. nMonitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contracts with the carrier and the forwarders agents abroad. nNote damages to or losses of
