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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 黄遵宪外交思想研究 姓名：王华 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：中国近现代史 指导教师：黄小用 20070501 摘 要 近代中国，为了抵御西方列强的侵略，谋求中国社会的富强，先进的中国人 不断地“向西方国家寻找真理” ，黄遵宪便是其中的杰出代表之一。在长期的外交 实践中，黄遵宪形成了具有鲜明个人特色的外交思想，他的外交思想对当时清政 府的对外活动以及外交人员的实践都产生过不小的影响。本文将对黄遵宪外交思 想形成的背景、主要内容及其特点作一探讨。 黄遵宪外交思想形成背景。黄遵宪外交思想是晚清这一历史大变局下的产物， 是时代影响在人们头脑中的反映。黄遵宪外交思想是在长期的外交实
2、践中形成的， 是从感性到理性的升华。 黄遵宪外交思想的主要内容有： “伸自主之权” ， “保公众之益” ，以夷制夷， “交 邻之有大益” 。这些观点不仅来源于黄遵宪的外交实践，也指导着他的外交活动。 黄遵宪外交思想具有鲜明的个人色彩。坚持了有理有利的原则，国家利益至上 的原则，民族认同原则，均势原则。 关键词：黄遵宪； 外交； 思想 Abstract Abstract In modern China, in order to resist the western big powers aggression, seeking the progress of the Chinese society
3、, the advanced Chinese unceasingly “seeks the truth to the western nation。 HUANG ZUN-Xian then is one of the outstanding representatives. In his long-term diplomatic practice, he formed a unique and progressive content diplomatic thought, Huang ZUN-Xians diplomatic thought had a great influence to t
4、he Qing governments foreign activity as well as peoples thought at that time, had a certain status in the Chinese modern history. This article was for the purpose of discussing the formation, the main content and the characteristic of Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought. First part, the formation of H
5、uang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought. First was the influence of the time。 The time when Huang ZUN-Xian lived, was the late Qing government was compelled to need to start to establish diplomatic relations with the European and American big powers, and gradually expands and became initiative. Therefore,
6、the time needs such diplomacy talented person as Huang ZUN-Xian and their diplomatic thoughts. Second was the influence of diplomatic practice. How Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought was formed and received the influence of these concrete factors in his long-term diplomacy practice. Third was the inf
7、luence of his home environment. Huang ZUN-Xian lived in a family of the officials, received very good traditional education and to be able to highlight, which had built a good foundation for his later diplomatic work， in addition Huang ZUN-Xian was deeply influenced by the ideological trend of pract
8、ical, yearning for the diplomatic work. Second part, the main content of Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought. Huang ZUN-Xian in his long-term diplomatic practice, had formed his own diplomatic thought, including: First is the thought of“extends the power of self-management, guarantees profit for the p
9、ublic”. It was Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought core, most of his diplomacy practice manifests this thought. Second was the thought of using one barbarian to control the other, it inherits our country tradition diplomacy thought, mainly manifests in “association Japan anti- Russia“, “to popular Asi
10、a“, as well as “the North Korean Strategy“ center diplomatic thought, it mainly was the time product, but at that time, it had a certain rationality. Third is the thought of “hands over the neighbor to have the big profit“. It was one kind of open diplomatic thought, which was formed after Huang ZUN
11、-Xians long-term diplomatic practice and comparing research of Japan, America and Europe. We still had the inspiration and the model significance regarding today. Third part, the characteristic of Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought. Huang ZUN-Xian had a prominent individuality and his characteristic
12、was obvious. The characteristic of his diplomatic thought mainly includes: First is based on the world, presently holds true advantageously struggle strategy, this also is why Huang ZUN-Xian could become one of the outstanding diplomat important reasons. Second is the nationalism. Here nationalism m
13、ainly means the patriotism. The patriotism is the main melody of Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought, continuously is passing through Huang ZUN-Xians diplomacy thought, even all his life. Third is the limitation. As a result of the time and the social class as well as individual reason, Huang ZUN-Xian
14、s diplomatic thought inevitably had certain limitations. We should make a historical judgment to analyze and to regard, also cannot sedulously conceal and excessively castigate. But the flaw does not cover the fine jade after all. Key words: Huang ZUN-Xian； Diplomatic； thought 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文
15、原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的 研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或 集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均 已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 王华 日期：2007 年 6 月 5 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保 留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借 阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行
16、 检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名：王华 日期：2007 年 6 月 5 日 导师签名：黄小用 日期： 2007 年 6 月 5 日 1 引 言 1、选题的缘起 外交已是现代国家一项重要国家职能，随着时代的发展而不断发展， 重要性日益凸现，而研究外交人物的思想，无论是从史学角度还是外交的 角度，都有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。 黄遵宪是我国外交史上的先行者之一。黄遵宪（18481905） ，字公 度，号广东嘉应州（今梅州市）人。1876 年中举，1877 年起，先后出任过 驻日使馆参赞、美国旧金山总领事、英国伦敦使馆二等参赞和新加坡总领 事，在长期的外交实践中，他亲自参与和处理了中日琉球交涉、朝鲜对策、 反对美国排斥华工、保护东南亚华侨、反对苏州开埠交涉、清结五省教案 等一系列的外交事件。黄遵宪对中国近代外交史上的许多重大事件，都发 表过精辟的见解和主张，逐渐形成了自己的一套外交思想。 研究黄遵宪的外交思想，是非常有意义和有价值的事情，除了上面提 到的外，主要还有以下几点
