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1、九、情态动词和虚拟语气 一、情态动词态动词 考点1 9大情态动词态动词 的基本用法 1. can/could (1)表示能力(could常用于过过去的能力) *The police still havent found the missing child, but theyre doing all they can. (2)表示理论论上的可能性, “有时时候可能会”(用在肯定句 中) *It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. (3)表示请请求和允许许, 口语语中常用could代替can(could用 来表示现现在, 用以委婉地提出请
2、请求等, 但回答时时必须须用 can) *Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? (4)表示推测测“可能”(用于否定句、疑问问句中) *Just be patient. You cant expect the world to change so soon. 2. may/might (1)表示请请求、允许许、许许可, might比may的语语气更委婉 *May I take the book out? Im afraid not. (2)表示推测测“可能”, 可能性比can/could小 *I dont really l
3、ike James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He might not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. 3. must (1)表示“必须须; 应该应该 ” *Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2)表示“偏要, 硬要”做某事 *If you must go, at lea
4、st wait until the storm is over. (3)表示推测测, “一定” *Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You must be Mrs Peter. 4. shall (1)用于第一、三人称的疑问问句中, 表示征求对对方的意 见见 *Shall we go to the theatre by bus? (2)用于第二、三人称的陈陈述句, 表示说话说话 人给对给对 方的 命令、警告、允诺诺或威胁胁; 此外
5、, 表示法律、条文中规规 定必须须时时也用shall *Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. 5. should (1)表示劝劝告和建议议, 作“应该应该 ”讲讲 *You should learn from each other. (2)表示惊讶讶、意外等情绪绪, 意为为“竟然” *It is surprising that you should not know it. (3)用在if条件句中, 表示可能性很小, 但也不是完全不 可能 *If
6、 you should fail to come, ask Mr Smith to work in your place. 6. will/would (1)用于表示意志或意愿 *Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. (2)表示“请请求; 建议议”。用would比will委婉、客气些 *Will/Would you please keep the door open? (3)表示习惯习惯 , will
7、可以表示现现在的习惯习惯 , 意为为“总总是; 习习 惯惯于”。表示过过去的习惯习惯 性动动作用would *He would get up early when he lived in the country. (4)表示事物的某种性质质和倾倾向, 或按规规律“注定会” *Oil will float on water. 7. need 表示“需要; 必要”, 用于否定句、疑问问句和条件从句中 *I neednt worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes. 8. dare 表示“敢; 敢于”, 主要用
8、于疑问问句、否定句和条件从句 中, 一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说习惯说 法, 意为为“ 我想, 大概” *I darent catch the mouse. 9. ought to 表示义务义务 , 意为为“应应当”, 语语气比should强, 表示不十分 肯定或含蓄的推测测, 意为为“应应是, 应该应该 ” *You ought to work harder than before. 【点津】3组组易混词词(组组)用法比较较 情态动词态动词主要用法 can (could)/ be able to can/could can只有现现在式和过过去式(could), 表示一般能力
9、 be able to 有更多的时态时态 形式, was/were able to表示通过过努力、克服困难难 成功做到了某事 must/ have to must侧侧重表示说话说话 人的主观观看法, 常 译为译为 “非要, 偏要”; 只有一种形式 have to表示客观观需要, 有多种时态时态 形式 情态动词态动词主要用法 would/ used to would 表示过过去习惯习惯 性或重复性的动动作, 没 有与现现在对对比的含义义 used to 表示过过去经经常发发生的动动作或存在的状 态态, 强调调今昔对对比(意味着“现现在不再 了”) 【典例剖析】单单句改错错 (2016全国卷)We
10、 can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 解题题关键键: 情态动词态动词 can后要接动词动词 原形。 答案判定: chose改为为choose 【高考题组题组 】单单句改错错/单单句语语法填空 1. (2014全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music. (改错错) _ 2. (2016北京高考)I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and
11、 Sundays. 3. (2014全国卷)You may _ (find) that your child is attracted by one more than another. sat改为为sit neednt find 考点2 5大表示推测测的情态动词态动词 用法比较较 情态动态动 词词 适用句式适用时态时态意 义义 must肯定句一般时时、 进进行时时、 完成时时 一定、 肯定 Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong -willed man. 情态动
12、态动 词词 适用句式适用时态时态意 义义 can(could ) 疑问问句, 否 定句 一般时时、 进进行时时、 完成时时 可能, 能够够 It cant be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. 情态动态动 词词 适用句式适用时态时态意 义义 may (might) 肯定句, 否 定句 一般时时、 进进行时时、 完成时时 也许许, 可能 I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable t
13、o get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it. 情态动态动 词词 适用句式适用时态时态意 义义 should (ought to) 肯定句, 否 定句 一般时时、 完成时时 确定或期待, “应该应该 ” I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. will (would) 肯定句、 否定句、 疑问问句 一般时时、 进进行时时、 完成时时 大概 This will be the house youre looking for. 二、虚拟语拟语 气 考点1状
14、语语从句中虚拟语拟语 气的用法 1. 非真实实条件句中虚拟语拟语 气的用法 if条件从句从句的谓语谓语 形式主句的谓语谓语 形式 表示现现在 情况 动词过动词过 去式(be的过过 去式用were) should/would/could/ might+动词动词 原形 If I had time, I would go there. if条件从句从句的谓语谓语 形式主句的谓语谓语 形式 表示过过去 情况 had+过过去分词词should/would/could/ might+have+过过去分词词 If you had come earlier, you couldnt/wouldnt have
15、missed the bus. 表示将来 情况 should+动词动词 原形should/would/could/mig ht+动词动词 原形 动词过动词过 去式 were to+动词动词 原形 If it should rain/rained/were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 2. 目的状语语从句中虚拟语拟语 气的用法 for fear that/in case+从句: 从句谓语谓语 用should+动词动词 原 形, 意为为“以防, 万一”。 *We got up early for fear that
16、we should miss the early bus. 3. 方式状语语从句中虚拟语拟语 气的用法 as if/as though+从句: (1)与现现在事实实相反, 从句用一般 过过去时时; (2)与过过去事实实相反, 从句用过过去完成时时; (3)与 将来事实实相反, 从句谓语谓语 用would/could/might+动词动词 原 形。 *She speaks English as if/as though she were a native of New York. 4. 一些特殊结结构的虚拟语拟语 气 (1)在条件句中的省略: 如果虚拟拟条件句中含有were, should, had三个词词, 可将if省略, 把这这三个
