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1、l课程介绍 l课程属性限定性选修课 l课时48学时 l课程内容汽车结构、工作原理。教材内容较新，新技术内容 多。 l学习目的 l1.打好基础：首先掌握必要词汇，熟悉并巩固语法与专业知识，开 阔眼界；学好本门课程，对考研亦有一定的帮助 l2.掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译水平，较熟练笔译专业资料，解决生产 实际中的问题 l3.阅读本专业领域的国外资料，了解和掌握本专业的发展动态和前 沿技术，为研究和创新奠定基础 l学习方法 l认真听讲，做好记录，大胆实践 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS TEXT A The Basic Components o
2、f an Automobile PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS TEXT A The Basic Components of an Automobile Engine Chassis Body Electrical Equipment 本次课学习内容 本次课学习目标 l掌握汽车主要部件的英文名称 l掌握各类汽车的英文名称 l掌握常用术语（ PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS） l了解翻译的标准 NEW WORDS component kmpunntn.成分，组成，部件，零件 chassis sin.底盘 transmiss
3、ion trnzminn.变速器，传动, 传动系统， 传送，发射 lubrication lu:brikeinn.润滑 Ignition igninn.点火, 点燃 Ignite ignaitv.点火, 点燃 boost bu:stv.升压，推进，增加，增压，提高 filter filtn. 滤清器，滤波器, 过滤器 carburetor k:bjuretn.化油器 combustible kmbstbla.易燃的 radiator reidieitn.散热器, 冷却器，辐射体 hollow hlua.空心的, 虚伪的；n.洞, 窟窿, 山谷； circulate s:kjuleitv. (使
4、)循环, (使)流通 defroster di:frstn.除冰(或霜)装置 sludge sln.软泥, 淤泥 hood hudn.发动机罩 styling stailin.花式样 streamlined stri:mlainda.流线型的, 现代化的 sedan sidnn.轿车, 轿子 enclosed inklouzda.封闭的, 密闭的 pick-up pikpn.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器 gross grousa.总的, 毛重的; n.总额 coach koutn.四轮大马车, 长途客车, 教练 rigid riida.刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的 axleksln.轮轴,
5、车轴 articulated :tikjuleitida.铰接(的), 有关节的 capacity kpsitin.容量, 生产量, 才能, 能力 commuterkmju:tn.长期月票使用者 luxurious lgzjurisa.奢侈的, 豪华的 suspension sspennn.悬架，悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中 止, 悬而未决 differential difrenln.差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动 的 clutch kltn.离合器 hydraulic haidr:lika.液压的，水压的，水力的 isolate aisleitv.隔离, 孤立, 绝缘，查出（故障） cour
6、se k:sn.过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程 manoeuvre mnu:v=maneuvre v.策划, 调动, 演习, 操纵，机动（动作）；n.策略, 调动 drum drmn.鼓, 鼓声；v.击鼓 pedal pedln.踏板 spark-ignition engine 点燃式发动机 compression-ignition engine 压燃式发动机 storage battery 蓄电池 ignition coil 点火线圈 charging circuit 充电电路 combustion chamber 燃烧室 passenger compartment 乘
7、客室，乘客舱 window defroster 风窗除霜器 motor oil 机油( =engine oil ) sheet metal 钢板，金属板 PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS trunk deck 行李箱盖 multi-purpose van (MPV) 多用途厢式车 commercial vehicle 商用汽车 power train 传动系，动力装置 propeller shaft 传动轴 ( = drive shaft ) torque converter 液力变矩器 gear ratio 传动比 flexible joint 柔性接头 axle shaft
8、半轴 road wheel 车轮 brake lining 制动器摩擦衬片 The Basic Components of an Automobile Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipments. Engine The engine acts
9、as the power unit. The internal combustion(易燃的） engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark- ignition engine点燃式发动机 and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine压燃式发动机). Both en
10、gines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate 轮流，旋转a shaft connected to the transmission 1. All engines have fuel, exhaust, cooling, and lubrication systems. Gasoline engines also have an ig
11、nition 点火，点燃 system. The ignition system supplies the electric spark火花 needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. When the ignition switch开关 is turned on, current flows from the 12-volt伏特 storage battery to the ignition coil点火线圈. The coil boosts the voltage电压 to produce the strong spark
12、 of 20,000 V needed to ignite the engine fuel. The automobile supplies all the electricity it needs through its electrical system. For example, the electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit充电电
13、路. The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine. The fuel is stored in the tank, which is connected to a fuel pump by a fuel line. The fuel is pumped from the fuel tank through the fuel lines. It is forced through a filter into the carburetor化油器 where it is mixed with air, or int
14、o the fuel injection注射注入 system. The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible易燃的 mixture in the carburetor, the manifold, or the cylinders themselves 2. The cooling system removes excessive过度的 heat from the engine. The temperature in engine combustion chambers 燃烧室 is about 2,000( 1,094 ). Since
15、steel melts at around 2,500(1,354), this heat must be carried away to prevent engine damage. Air and a coolant are used to carry away the heat. The radiator is filled with a coolant. The water pump circulates this coolant through the hollow空心的 walls of the engine block and head. Constant circulation of the coolant through the engine and the radiator removes heat from the engine. Heat also is removed by the radiator fan, which draws air through the narrow fins of the radiator. This system also supplies heat to the passenger compartment乘客室
