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1、句子成分 概念：组成句子的各个部分， 即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语， 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或 短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。 大多数主语都在句首。 主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）
2、讲述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么” The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job. 从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主
3、语。 如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 形式主语 真正主语 It =that the elephant is round and
4、 tall like a tree The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词 1.Do exercise is good for your health. 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health. V.不能做主语！ 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 介词词不能作主语语 There is an old man coming here. There is an apple on the ta
5、ble. An apple is there on the table. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time. 主语小测
6、单选： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They 谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。 由动词充当，主语和谓语在
7、人称和数上必须 保持一致。 谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。 He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示 主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组 担任，放在主语的后面。 I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning. The plane took off at
8、 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night? 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cough. We are sudents. That idea sounds great! 复合谓语：1.情态动词助动词+v 2.系动词+adj. Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at other
9、s! Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句： 1.省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形 找出下列句子的谓语 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. We had better send for a
10、 doctor. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now! 按要求找出下列句子的主谓： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主谓） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen i
11、n the center of town. （主谓） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓） 主谓小测 祈使句,省略主语you 1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketbal
12、l every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone 单选： Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的 形式主语 真正的主语 to finish 3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I hav
13、e one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good 祈使句，谓语动词用原形 动名词做主语 感官动词+adj. 表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样， 由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短 语、句子等充当。它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English.
14、 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday. 宾语:表示动作、行为的对象， 由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及 物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说 明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会 有双宾语。 如： 名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语 He often helps me. 不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open
15、 air. 动名词作宾语 The Americans enjoyed living in China. 从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time. 直接宾语和间接宾语 及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接 宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。 但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接 宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能 用名词或代词来充当。 如： We brought them some food. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。 宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有
