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1、句子成分句子成分 和和 基本句型基本句型 Date1 Date2 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第 一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？ ！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! Date3 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（ subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语 （predicative）、宾语（object）、定 语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补
2、语（complement）、同位语。 句子包括哪些成分？ Date4 主语：主语是在句子中说明全句 中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词 ，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的 位置一般在句首 The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. Date5 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态 或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词 短语构成 They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmate
3、s. He can speak English. Date6 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面 I am a teacher. She feels happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. He went mad. Seeing is believing. Date7 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后 She plays the piano. He ofte
4、n helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good boy. Date8 宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思 它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when w
5、e arrived. Make yourself at home. I heard my name called. Date9 状语 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词 ，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当 ，也可由从句来充当 He did it carefully. He studied very hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. Date1
6、0 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词 ，从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy is sleeping. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. Date11 三、同位语语： 同位同位语语语语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位 置置时时时时，一个句子成分一个句子成分用来用来说说说说明和解明和解释释释释另一个句子另
7、一个句子 成分，成分，这这这这个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位语语语语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语语，都是指同一批学生） Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语） Date12 一) 挑出下列句中的宾语宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you lear
8、n last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. Date13 (二) 挑出下列句中的表语语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle schoo
9、l student. Date14 (三) 挑出下列句中的定语语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. A beautiful girl is running to us. 5. The boy in the clssroom is crying. Date15 (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补宾语补 足语语 He asked her to study hard. She found
10、 it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Date16 (五) 挑出下列句中的状语语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. Date17 With the me
11、dicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. Date18 句子成份练习 1、You should study hard. 2、The teacher got very angry. 3、The boy told me his story. 4、We elected him our monitor. 5、The sun keeps us warm. 6、I told him to open the window. 7、We watched the tra
12、in leaving the station. 状语 表语 间语+直宾 宾语+宾补 宾语+宾补 宾语+宾补 宾语+宾补 Date19 8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. 9. There seems little hopes of success. 10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game. 12. After graduation he will work where he
13、came from. 宾语+宾补 主语 状语 同位语 状语 Date20 Date21 按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、 并列句和复合句。 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一 个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed. Date22 英语语句子的基本结结构可以归纳归纳 成五种基本句 型 掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 一： （主谓谓） 二： （主系表） 三： （主谓谓宾宾） 四
14、： （主谓谓间宾间宾 直宾宾） 五： （主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补 ） Date23 种类类类类型主语语 S 谓语谓语 动词动词 v 表语语/宾宾 语语 p 宾语宾语 0 宾补宾补 oc 第1 种 S+VWe work 第 种 He plays violin. 第 种 We arestudent s 第 种 S+v+IO+DO shegaveme a pen. 第 种 S+V+O+OC He made melaugh Date24 基本句型一 + +i i（主谓）（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不 定式
15、、状语从句等。 Date25 i （不及物动词动词 ） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone Date26 基本句型 二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动 词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound 等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什 么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。 D
