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1、第9讲 助动词动词 和特殊句式(二) 1 例1: Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. (2012浙江卷 19) A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had . 虚拟语气 2 【解析】选D。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.根据had known提示，可知是与过 去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句
2、中应该用 would/might have done，由此可见答案D符合语境 。 3 例2: We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _more places of interest yesterday. (2012福 建卷 31) A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 4 【解析】选D。句意： 我们在那个小村庄迷路了， 要不然的话，我们昨天就游览了更多的名胜古迹。 本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚 拟，前半句是过去的客观
3、事实“我们在那个小山村迷 路”，otherwise(否则)，后半句是用对过去的虚拟 would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法 主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时 间的虚拟，这就很容易了。故选D。 5 考点1：if从句的3种虚拟形式 6 考点2：wish 后的宾语从句 1表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词 用过去 式。 2表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词 用had done。 3表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词 用 should/would(情态动词 ) 动词原形。 7 考点3：含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗 含在副词、介词短语、上下文或
4、其他方式表示出来 ，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。其常见结构有： 1if only要是就好了(与wish后面的虚拟语气 类似) If only you hadnt told him the news. 要是你没有告诉他这个消息就好了。 8 2without/but for如果没有 Human beings would die without water. (Human beings would die if there were no water.) 如果没有水，人类就会灭亡。 3otherwise/or否则，不然的话 I had no money then. Otherwise I would h
5、ave bought that book. 我当时没有钱，要不然，我就买那本书了。 9 考点4：虚拟语气的其他常见表现形式 1would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后 的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望， 故使用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来的事实相反的 愿望，谓语动词 用过去式；表示与过去事实相反 的愿望，谓语动词 用had done。 2一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)一坚持(insist) 二命令(order, command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, r
6、equire, request, ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为 何种时态，从句的 谓语动词 都用 “should do”，其中should可以省略 。 10 3表示 “早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓 语动词须 用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that 主语 动词的过去式/ should do(优先使用动词过 去式)，即从句用虚拟 过去式。 4“情态动词 have done”的结构，也带有“虚 拟语气”的意义。 could have done 本来能够做而实际上未做 might have done 本来可以做而实际上未做 11 shoul
7、d/ought to have done本来应该做而实际上未做 ought not to have done/shouldnt have done本来不应 该做而实际上做了 neednt have done本来不必要做而实际上做了 12 考点1：转折并列句 转折并列句主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while( 而，却)等连词连 接。 1but 用作并列连词，意为“但是”，“然而”， 表示转折意义。 Rick made some more records, but he wasnt as popular as he had been before. 里克虽然录制了更多唱片，但不像以前
8、那样受 欢迎了。 . 并列句 13 此时要注意 but 与 however 的区别。 however 表示“ 可是”，“但是”的意义时，常用作副词，可以放在句 首、句中、句尾，并常用逗号将它与句子分开。 However，he didnt make his mark in the end. 然而，他终未成功。 14 2but 可置于表示歉意的话(如 Excuse me 或 Im sorry )之后，提出请求或说出可能触犯对方的话， 它没有实际意义，只起连接作用，可以省去。 I am sorry, but I dont think I know you. 很抱歉，我想我不认识你。 Excuse m
9、e, but can you tell me how to surf the net? 劳驾，你能告诉我怎么上网吗？ 15 考点2: 选择并列句 You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you. (2012新课标卷 34) A. so B. or C. and D. but 16 【解析】选B。or表示“否则”。表示另外一种选择所 造成的结果。 17 _ at the door before you enter my room, please. (2012北京卷 31) A. Knock B. Knocking C
10、. Knocked D. To knock . 祈使句 18 【解析】选A。祈使句考点，用动词原形。 19 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？ (2012江苏卷 25) A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he . 反意疑问句 20 【解析】选A。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义 的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应 与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。 21 1. Where is it? Where is _？ I dont know
11、 what do you mean? A. what B. that C. it D. so 易错题笔记 22 【解析】选A。句意：什么在什么地方？ 其实，这 类用法在口语中经常使用。如： It was so dark that I couldnt tell who was who. 当时一片漆黑，我分不清谁是谁。 “What are you going to do next fall？” “Next what？” “下一个秋季你打算要干什么？”“你说下一个什么？” They look exactly the same, and I really dont know which is whic
12、h. 它们看起来一模一样， 我实在分不清哪个是哪个。 23 2. The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free. A. had done; should be B. should do; should be C. had done; had been D. should do; had been 24 【解析】选A。insist意为“坚决要求”时，其后的宾 语从句用虚拟语气(即“should动词原形”，其中 should可省略)；insist意为“坚持认为”时，其后的宾 语从句用陈述语气。 25 3. Har
13、d _ he studies, he cannot pass the examination. A. when B. how C. as D. while 26 【解析】选C。属于让步倒装结构，其基本句式为“ 名词(不带冠词)、形容词、副词、动词等 as/though主语谓语”。又如： Child as he is, he did it very well. 他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错了。 27 4. More than one student _ read the novels, which _ written by David. A. has; was B. have; were C.
14、has; were D. have; was 28 【解析】选C。more than one student (不止一个学生) 从形式上看是单数，但从意义上却是复数，它用作 主语时，谓语动词 用单数。第二空前的which指的 是novels，故谓语用were。 29 5. It looks as if he were drunk. So it does. _. A. Hed better give up drinking B. He shouldnt have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 30 【解析】选D。做此题要抓住关键词were，因为它 表明此句的谓语为 虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉 了”不是事实，只是他看起来好像喝醉了，所以此题 的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示 强调，意为“他看上去的确像是喝醉了”。 31 6. Im quite willing to help and _ are the others. A. they B. who C. so D. even 32 【解析】选C。在“so 倒装句”这一结构中，so 的 意思与 also 相似，主要用来回答或补充前面句子的 意思，表示“也一样
