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1、语法系列复习一-名词性从句（比较重要，注意保存）1. 汉语里很少有大量的复合句，往往都是以简洁的句子出现；英语中特别是文学作品或科普作品中含有许多复合句如汉语常说：我现在能回报人们给予我的帮助。这使我很开心。而英语就可以说：That I can pay back the help that people give me makes me happy.2. 汉语里只要按主语、谓语、宾语（表语）的顺序就可以说或写成一个句子。但英语中当一个句子成为另外一个句子的独立成分时，必须要有连词来引导。3. 名词性从句顾名思义，就是一个句子在整个句子中充当一个名词所起的成分作用，这时就变成了名词性从句。按照分
2、类分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。4. 下面我们来看看由各类连词引导的各种名词性从句：That I can pay back the help that people give me makes me happy.She believed that he had not told her the truth.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.She had a feeling that she was being watched.Whether he will be able to
3、 come is not yet known.I wonder if/ whether thats a good idea.There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man.My question is whether Polly can find her way home.There is a question whether he will come here.What matters/counts most(is the most important) is the way you speak to yo
4、ur parents.Polly did not know which dress she should buy.My question is what we should call this kind of plant.I have no idea who he is.Why they have not left yet is not clear so far.We wonder when they will come here.The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crowd.I have no idea when the
5、bus is coming.5. 连词的选择(根据要求在下列空格中填入适当的连词)a. 在从句中不起任何成分作用，只起连接作用，也没有任何意义_b. 在从句中不起任何成分作用，只起连接作用,但具备一定的意义_c. 起连接作用且在从句中起相当于代词的成分作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语作用，有一定的意义_d. 起连接作用且在从句中起相当于副词的成分作用，在从句中充当状语作用，表示地点，方式，原因，时间等。_e. that只能当引导宾语从句时，可以省去f. if 只能引导宾语从句g. what 与 which 的区别h. 同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句
6、2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice, opinion, doubt, question, problem, possibility, truth, view, promise等.3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句.(1) I have no idea _ he comes from.(2) He cant answer the question _ he got the money.(3) He
7、 gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.(4) I have no doubt _ he will win.(5) I have some doubt _ he will win.i. 同位语从句与定语从句比较1定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起
8、连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.(1) The news that he couldnt come made us upset. The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.(2) I have no idea when we will set off. I still remember the days when we worked together. I still remember the days (which/that) we spent together.(3)We expressed the hope that they had
9、expressed.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.(4)The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.(同位语从句由于较长，根据英语句子结构需要，把长的放在后面)The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.There is also something excitin
10、g _ he said about young people.Ban Ki-moon stated his opinion _he had already made up his mind to build upon the already-made achievements of the UN.I have no idea _ he will arrive here.The day came _ he won the match.i. 引导名词性从句要注意的几个问题:（1）具有疑问意义的连词所引导的名词性从句中，必须用陈述句的语序。改错：Why did he come here yester
11、day was still unknown. （2）要让从句尤其是宾语从句中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语动词在时态上保持一致。改错： I thought he is coming here the next afternoon. （3）在主语从句中，如从句表述的是一般现在时，它所相对应的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 改错：That he has been made president of the company make us very happy. （4）it 在名词性从句中可以充当形式宾语或形式主语。 如It makes me happy that I can now pay back the
12、 help people give me. We all think it very necessary that we should learn English well. 改错: People feel necessary that traffic regulations and rules must be strictly obeyed by drivers.(5)名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略 He gave me a suggestion that
13、 I ( should ) be calm.（6）并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的,引导词that 不能省略.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.（7）由who, whom, what, which, how, where, when与ever构成的复合连接词表示“不管.”或 “无论.”._ come here first can get a nice gift.You can turn to _ is good at computer for help.Exercises、一、单项选择（201
14、1北京卷）22. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom（2011北京卷）31. The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why(2011上海卷) 35. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that (2011上海卷) 38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what（2011山东卷） 26. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. tha
