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1、专题05 代词易错点解题方法（三）由于代词中的关系代词非常具有特色，所以在此特设专讲。首先我们要知道关系代词又称定语从句引导词。定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有6个: that, which, who, whom, whose, as.5.关系代词引导的定语从句：1）.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 2）.
2、whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.3）。which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.主语4）。that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于whic
3、h。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.5）. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the doo
4、r of which is broken will soon be repaired.下面我们看例题：改正下列定语从句中的典型错误： 1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you? 答案:去掉it。 解析:定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。 因此从句中不能再出现与关系词作用相同的代词或名词,以避免重复。 误句中省略的关系代词(which/that)作bought的宾语,故it是多余的。2. Have you been to the company where she works there?答案:去掉there。解析:关系副词已作了w
5、ork的地点状语。3. I shall never forget the days when I spent with you.答案:将when改为which/that。解析:先行词在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用which/that,而when在从句中只作时间状语。4. Is this all what you want to say?答案:将what改为that。解析:先行词为指物的不定代词时,其后的定语从句用that来引导,作宾语时也可省略。而what不能引导定语从句。5. He lived in a house, in front of it he planted some bea
6、utiful flowers.答案:将it改为which。解析:这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句, which在从句中作介词宾语。6. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday.答案:将when改为which。解析: which指代时间(December 21)作定语从句的主语。7. This is the ring for which she is looking.答案:将for移到looking之后。解析:look for是固定短语动词,不能够拆开使用。8. Is this history museum that some
7、 foreign friends visited last week?答案:在that前加the one。解析:犯这类错误的主要原因是错把this history museum看作是定语从句的先行词。根据句子结构,this history museum应是主句的主语。故应添加一个定语从句的先行词the one作主句中的表语。9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class.答案:将her改为whose。解析:用whose代替her引起定语从句,修饰先行词the monitor。10. As you know it, he h
8、as left for Australia.答案:去掉it。解析:关系代词as作know的宾语,再使用it就重复了。11. The meeting was put off, that was exactly what we wanted.答案:将that改为which。解析:that作为关系代词不能用于非限制定语从句中。此处which指代主句(The meeting was put off)。12. I dont like the way which you treat your mother.答案: 1)在which前加in。 2) 将which改为that。 3) 去掉which。解析:当
9、先行词the way在定语从句中作状语时,其关系代词可用that/in which或不用。13. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting.答案:将was改为were。解析:定语从句中的谓语动词,在数和人称上必须与主句中的先行词保持一致。该句的先行词是those, 故应用were。14. The expert visited our school is from Shanghai.答案:在visited前加who。解析:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。15. Whos the old man whom yo
10、u just shook hands?答案:在hands后加上with。解析:定语从句中的关系代词whom作with的宾语,故介词with不能省略。 关系代词专项练习：1. Such people _ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _ made him upset.A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which【答案】D.【解析】最佳答案为D。此题考查such (.) as结构，这里a
11、s引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句。2. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy _ parents had been killed in an accident.A. whose B. who C. with whom D. his【答案】A.【解析】最佳答案为A。whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy。句意：那对好心的夫妇决定收养那个父母在事故中死亡的孩子。3. Last week our school put on an English play _ Jim acted an impor
12、tant part.A. which B. when C. where D. what【答案】C.【解析】最佳答案为C。本题考查定语从句。act a part in a play在戏剧中扮演角色。该句中play为先行词，介词in后需用which来引导定语从句，而in which相当于where.4. The boss, _company Ma King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose【答案】C.【解析】最佳答案为C。whose company Ms.
13、 King worked in是一个定语从句，修饰boss。本句中介词in提到关系代词前。5. Hangzhou, _ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.A. which B. where C. to there D. from which【答案】B.【解析】答案为B。pay a visit to . 参观 / 游览（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Hangzhou的情况，其中，where相当于to which。
14、6. Many people like to chat online, _, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely. A. which B. there C. that D. where【答案】D.【解析】答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词online；where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“在网络上”。as most of them think作插入语。7. This is an important subject _ we might argue for a long time.A. about it B. with which C. about which D. with it【答案】C.【解析】答案为C。argue (with sb.) about / over sth. 关于某事与某人争吵。本句为包含定语从句的主从复合句，介词about提到了关系代词前。8. These old pictures bring to their mind the college days _ they spent together, _ life was hard but happy. A. which; when B. when; which C. which; which D. when; whe
