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1、out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Thi
2、rd, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do four, that is, find the problem faster, editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to imp
3、lement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit informa
4、tion to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and sk
5、imming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out
6、 inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the peoples livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the prob
7、lem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervisi
8、on, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized str
9、ictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the G
10、overnor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Thi
11、rd is to solve the problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve the第一章 绪论 一教材精要 药物（drug）是指可改变或查明机体生理功能及病理状态，用以预防、诊断、治疗疾病的化学物质。药物与毒物并无严格的界线。药理学（pharmacology）是研究药物与机体（含病原体）相互作用及其作用规律的科学。包括药物对机体作用及其作用机制，即药物效应动力学（pharmacodynamics），又称药效学，也研究药物在机体影响下所发生的变化及
12、其规律，即药物代谢动力学（pharmacokinetics），又称药动学。药理学以生理学、生物化学、病理学为基础，为防治疾病、合理用药提供基本理论、基本知识和科学思维方法，是基础医学与临床医学以及医学与药学的桥梁。药理学的科学任务是：阐明药物作用及作用机制，为临床用药提供理论依据；研究开发新药，发现药物的新用途；为生命科学的研究提供重要的科学依据和研究方法。药理学又是实践科学，药理学的实验方法包括：实验药理学方法；实验治疗学方法和临床药理学方法。药物与药理学发展历史，中国的本草是世界上最早的药物学，其中著名的有神农本草经、新修本草和本草纲目。近代药理学随着新药的发展而建立，现已有许多新的药理学
13、分支。新药开发与研究，新药指化学结构、药品组分或药理作用不同于现有药品的药物。新药的研究包括临床前研究、临床研究和上市后药物检测。二测试题 （一）名次解释1. 药物（drug） 2. 药物效应动力学（pharmacodynamics）3. 药物代谢动力学（pharmacokinetics） （二）选择题A型题1. 药物A. 能干扰细胞代谢活动的化学物质B. 是具有滋补营养、保健康复作用的物质C. 可改变或查明机体的生理功能及病理状态，用以防治及诊断疾病的化学物质D. 能影响机体生理功能的物质2. 药理学是重要的医学基础课程，是因为它：A. 具有桥梁科学的性质B. 阐明药物作用机理C. 改善药物
14、质量，提高疗效D. 为指导临床合理用药提供理论基础E. 可为开发新药提供实验资料与理论论据3. 药理学A. 是研究药物代谢动力学的科学B. 是研究药物效应动力学的科学C. 是研究药物与机体相互作用及其作用规律学科D. 是与药物有关的生理科学E. 是研究药物的学科4. 药物效应动力学（药效学）研究的内容是：A. 药物的临床效果B. 药物对机体的作用及其作用机制C. 药物在体内的过程D. 影响药物疗效的因素E. 药物的作用机理5. 药动学研究的是：A. 药物在体内的变化B. 药物作用的动态规律C. 药物作用的动能来源D. 药物作用强度随时间、剂量变化的消除规律E. 药物在机体影响下所发生的变化及其
15、规律6. 新药临床评价的主要任务是：A. 实行双盲给药B. 选择病人C.进行 期的临床试验D.合理应用一个药物E.计算有关试验数据B型题A. 有效活性成分 B. 生药 C. 制剂 D. 药物植物 E. 人工合成同类药7. 罂粟8. 阿片9. 阿片酊10. 吗啡11. 哌替啶A.神农本草经 B.神农本草经集注 C.本草纲目 D.本草纲目拾遗E.新修本草12. 我国第一部具有现代药典意义的药物学典籍是13. 我国最早的药物专著是14. 明代杰出医药学家李时珍的巨著是C型题A. 药物对机体的作用及其原理 B. 机体对药物的影响及其规律C. 两者均是 D. 两者均不是15. 药物效应动力学是研究：16. 药物代谢动力学是研究：17. 药理学是研究：X型题18. 药理学的学科任务是：A. 阐明药物作用及其作用机B. 为临床合理用药提供理论依据C. 研究开发新药 D. 合成新的化学药物E. 创造适用于临床应用的药物剂型19. 新药进行临床试验必须提供：A. 系统药理研究数据B. 慢性毒性实验结果C. LD50D. 临床前研究资料 E. 核算药物成本20. 新药开发研究的重要性在于：A. 为人们提供更多的药物? B. 发掘效果优于旧药的新药C. 研究具有肯定药理效应的药物，不一定具有临床高效的药物D. 开发祖国医药宝库E. 可以探索生命奥秘（三）填空题 1. 药理学是研究药物与_
