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1、Report 1Alcohol Warning Labels: Evidence of effectiveness on risky alcohol consumption and short term outcomes Prepared by National Drug Research Institute (Curtin University of Technology), in collaboration with Drug and Alcohol Office (WA), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (University of
2、New South Wales), Public Health Advocacy Institute. (Curtin University of Technology)Authors: Celia Wilkinson, Steve Allsop, Denise Cail, Tanya Chikritzhs, Mike Daube, Gary Kirby and Richard Mattick.Technical and other support: Maggie Halls, Richard Pascal and Vic Rechichi12 February 2009List of tab
3、lesiiPrefaceiiiExecutive summaryivChapter 1: Introduction11.1 Aims11.2 Background1Chapter 2: Methodology for preparing the report22.1 Structure of the report5Chapter 3: Public health and the role of warning labels73.1 Alcohol use in Australia and New Zealand73.2 Responses to alcohol related harm83.2
4、.1 Tax/Price133.2.2 Physical availability133.2.3 Drinking context133.2.4 Drink-driving143.2.5 Alcohol promotions143.2.6 Education and persuasion143.2.7 Early intervention and treatment153.3 Theoretical frameworks and warning labels163.4 Defining effectiveness223.5 Isolating the impact of warning lab
5、els.26Chapter 4: Heavy episodic drinking284.1 Alcohol consumption amongst young people304.2 Awareness of the health risks associated with alcohol36Chapter 5: International overview of alcohol warning labels435.1 History of warning labels435.2 An international overview of the history of alcohol warni
6、ng labels445.3 Examples of warning labels465.4 Government campaigns and industry initiatives62Chapter 6: Studies on effectiveness of alcohol labelling646.1 Papers from research groups676.2 Papers from individual studies936.3 A brief examination of review papers on the effectiveness of alcohol labell
7、ing100Chapter 7: Summary of literature on effectiveness of alcohol warning labels1027.1 Limitations and gaps in the existing research1087.2 Conclusion1107.3 Estimates of possible changes in outcomes112Chapter 8: Tobacco warning labels - lessons for alcohol?114Chapter 9: Evidence on the effectiveness
8、 of tobacco health warnings1199.1 Elements of effective tobacco labels1199.2 Lessons learnt from tobacco123Chapter 10: Discussion125Chapter 11: Conclusion and issues for consideration127References131Appendix 1: Examples of alcohol warning labels151Appendix 2Tobacco warning labels152Appendix 3: Revie
9、w of research investigating the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels.153Appendix 4: List of the review papers identified160xviiiList of tablesTable 1 Text of alcohol warning labels from other countries51Table 2 Summary of major findings66FiguresFigure 1: Systems approach to prevention as cited in
10、 Loxley et al 2004.9Figure 2: Risk and protection model as cited in Loxley et al 2004.10Figure 3: New Zealand Framework11Figure 4. Health warning label from a bottle of ale imported from Belgium - U.S.46Figure 5. Health warning label from an alcoholic beverage produced in Spain and imported to the U
11、.S.46Figure 6. Health warning label on a bottle of Canadian Club Whiskey imported from Canada to U.S.47Figure 7. Health warning label on a bottle of Merlot produced in France imported to U.S.47Figure 8. Health warning label on a Bacardi Breezer bottle U.S.48Figure 9. Health warning label on a Budwei
12、ser bottle U.S.48Figure 10. Health warning label on a Miller Lite beer bottle U.S.48Figure 11. Health warning label on a Harp Lager bottle imported from Ireland U.S.49Figure 12: Health warning on bottle of Jacobs Creek Chardonnay depicting risks of drinking during pregnancy (France)49Figure 13: Bott
13、les from France showing pregnancy warning labels50Figure 14: Bottles from South Africa depicting warnings about alcohol and health and drink driving50Figure 15: Bottle from South Africa depicting warning about pregnancy51Figure 16. Initial warning label on tobacco in Australia, 1973116Figure 17. War
14、ning labels on Australian cigarette packages from 1994 to 2005117Figure 18. Examples of warning labels on cigarette packaging in Australia from 2006117Figure 19. Three examples of health warning labels (front and back) from New Zealand cigarette packets as at February 2008118PrefaceThis report has b
15、een prepared for Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) to assess the available evidence of the effectiveness of advisory statements on labels of packaged alcohol products. The report was prepared by National Drug Research Institute (Curtin University of Technology), in collaboration with the Drug and Alcohol Office (WA), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (University of New South Wales) and the Public Health Advocacy Unit (Curtin University of Technology). This
