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1、第三章 酶5 / 5酶(enzyme)单体酶(monomeric enzyme)寡聚酶(oligomeric enzyme)多酶体系(multienzyme system)多功能酶(multifunction enzyme)串联酶(tandem enzyme)单纯酶(simple enzyme)结合酶(conjugated enzyme)酶蛋白(apoenzyme)辅助因子(cofactor)全酶(holoenzyme)金属酶(metalloenzyme)金属激活酶(metal-activated enzyme)辅酶(coenzyme)辅基(prosthetic group)必需基团(esse
2、ntial group)活性中心/部位(active center/site)结合基团(binding group)催化基团(catalytic group)同工酶(isoenzyme,isozyme)乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)转换数(turnover number)专一性(specificity)绝对特异性(absolute specificity)相对特异性(relative specificity )蛋白激酶(protein kinase)共有序列(consensus sequence)过渡态(tran
3、sition state)邻近效应(proximity effect)定向排列(orientation arrange)拓溶剂化(desovation)表面效应(surface effect)酸-碱催化作用(general acid-base catalysis)共价催化作用(covalent catalysis)亲核催化作用(nucleophilic catalysis)矩形双曲线(rectangular hyperbola)米氏方程式(Michaelis equation)最大反应速率(maximum velocity,Vmax)米氏常数(Michaelis constant)转换数(tu
4、rnover number)双倒数作图法(double reciprocal plot)林-贝氏(Lineweaver-Burk)最适温度(optimum temperature)聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)最适PH值(optimum PH)抑制剂(inhibitor)不可逆性抑制剂(irreversible inhibito)可逆性抑制剂(reversible inhibito)胆碱酯酶(choline esterase)竞争性抑制作用(competitive inhibition)非竞争性抑制作用(non-competitive inhibit
5、ion)反竞争性抑制作用(uncompetitive inhibition)激活剂(activator)必需激活剂(essential activator)非必需激活剂(non-essential activator)变构/调节部位(allosteric/regulatory site)变构调节(allosteric regulation)变构/别构酶(allosteric enzyme)变构效应剂(allosteric effector)变构激活剂(allosteric activator)化学/共价修饰(chemical/covalent modification)变构抑制剂(allost
6、eric inhibitor)酶原(zymogent,proenzyme)诱导作用(induction)阻遏作用(repression)氧化还原酶类(oxdoreductases)转移酶类(transferases)水解酶类(hydrolases)裂解酶类或裂合酶类(lyases)异构酶类(isomerases)合成酶类(synthetases)系统名称(systematic name)推荐名称(recommended name)酶联免疫测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent,ELISA)酶偶联测定法(enzyme coupled assays)报告酶(reporter
7、 enzyme)固定化酶(immobilized enzyme)抗体酶(abzyme)第四章 糖代谢单糖(monosaccharide)葡萄糖(glucose)果糖(fructose)半乳糖(galactose)甘露糖(mannose)蛋白聚糖(proteoglycan)糖蛋白(glycoprotein)糖脂(glycolipid)麦芽糖(maltose)蔗糖(sucrose)乳糖(lactose)纤维素(cellulose)多糖(polysaccharide)淀粉(starch)糖原(glycogen)-淀粉酶(-amylase)Na依赖型葡萄糖运载体(Na-dependent glucos
8、e transporter,SGLT)葡萄糖转运体(glucose transporter,GLUT)糖酵解(glycolysis)糖的无氧氧化(anaerobic oxidation)乙醇发酵(ethanol fermentation)糖酵解途径(glycolytic pathway)6-磷酸葡糖糖(glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P)己糖激酶(hexokinase)葡糖糖激酶(glucokinase)磷酸己糖异构酶(phosphohexose isomerase)6-磷酸果糖(fructose-6-phosphate,F-6-P)6-磷酸果糖激酶-1(6-phosphofr
9、uctokinase-1,PFK-1)1,6-二磷酸果糖(1,6-fructose-biphosphate,F-1,6-BP)醛缩酶(aldolase)磷酸丙糖异构酶(triose phosphate isomerase)3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)磷酸甘油酸激酶(phosphoglycerate kinase)底物水平磷酸化作用(substrate-level phosphorylation)磷酸甘油酸变位酶(phosphoglycerate mutase)烯醇化酶(enolase)磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(phosphoe
10、nolpyruvate,PEP)丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinsae)乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)2,6-二磷酸果糖(fructose-2,6-biphosphate)6-磷酸果糖激酶-2(6-phosphofructokinase-2,PFK-2)果糖二磷酸酶-2(fructose biphosphate-2,FBP-2)有氧氧化(aerobic oxidation)丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体(pyruvate dehydrogenase complex)三羧酸循环(tricarboxylic acid cycle,TCA cycle,TCA循环)草酰乙酸(
11、oxaloacetate)还原当量(reducing equivalent)柠檬酸循环(citric acid cycle)柠檬酸合酶(citrate synthase)异柠檬酸(isocitrate)异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase)-戊酮二酸(-ketoglutarate)琥珀酰CoA(succinyl CoA)-戊酮二酸脱氢酶复合体(-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex)琥珀酸(succinic acid)琥珀酰CoA合成酶(succinyl CoA synthetase)琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydro
12、genase)延胡索酸酶(fumarate hydratase)苹果酸脱氢酶(malate dehydrogenase)苹果酸(malic acid)柠檬酸裂解酶(citrate lyase)磷酸戊糖途径(pentose phosphate pathway)内酯酶(lactonase)磷酸戊糖旁路(pentose phosphate shunt)转酮醇酶(transketolase)转醛醇酶(transaldolase)生物转化(biotransformation)糖醛酸途径(glucuronate pathway)尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(uridine diphosphate glucose)尿苷
13、二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸(uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid,UDPGA)木糖醇(xylitol)山梨醇(sorbitol)多元醇途径(polyol pathway)UDPG焦磷酸化酶(UDPG pyrophosphorylase)糖原合酶(glycogen synthase)分支酶(branching enzyme)糖原磷酸化酶(glycogen phosphorylase)脱支酶(debranching enzyme)葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase)依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶(cAMP-dependent protein kinase
14、,PKA)级联放大系统(cascade system)钙调蛋白(calmodulin)糖原积累症(glycogen storage disease)糖异生途径(gluconeogenic pathway)丙酮酸羧化酶(pyruvate carboxylase)底物循环(substrate cycle)无效循环(futile cycle)果糖不耐受性(fructose intolerance)尿嘧啶核苷二磷酸半乳糖(uridine diphosphate galactose,UDPGal)半乳糖血症(galactosemia)血糖(blood surge)胰岛素(insulin)胰高血糖素(glucagon)葡萄糖耐量(glucose tolerance)低血糖(hypoglycemia)高血糖(hyperglycemia)糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)
