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1、河北师范大学 硕士学位论文 隐喻的关联理论阐释 姓名：赵素娟 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：英语语言文学 指导教师：高志怀 20100406 III 中 文 摘 要 隐喻作为一种语言现象普遍存在于我们的生活中，形成我们的概念系统，在 人类的思维和认知活动中发挥着重要作用。 隐喻的研究有一个很长的历史。 不同的语言学家从不同的角度给出了隐喻的 定义，他们从各自的角度提出了有关隐喻的理论，从而为隐喻的进一步研究提供 了理论基础。 本文首先对国内外隐喻研究作了简单的回顾。 在评述隐喻研究前人理论的基 础之上，展现关联理论在阐释隐喻方面的独特视角。 接下来，介绍了与本研究相关的几个关联理论的重要概念。这些
2、概念包括相 关，语境和语境效果，最佳关联和明示推理交际等。 关联理论认为， 在隐喻和普通话语之间没有明显的界限。关联理论解释了 隐喻的工作机制，指出任何话语的命题形式都是一种说话人思想的解释性表达。 探讨了隐喻理解的本质，认为隐喻是一种“随意言谈” ，一种非字面表达，一种 模糊表达。说话人使用隐喻表达的目的是寻求对其思想的最佳关联表述要求。 从关联理论的角度理解隐喻，隐喻的理解过程基本上与其它话语一致，包括 了三个分任务：话语显义的确定；语境假设的建构；隐含的推导。隐喻的含义是 听者通过关联推理在话语和语境之间寻找最佳关联， 并根据一系列的语境假设推 导出来的，得到一系列弱隐含意义而实现的。隐
3、喻非“字面表达” ，而是一种语 言模糊表达，和话语的间接性有关，因此听话人需要根据说话人明示，付出额外 的努力寻求话语的最佳关联。 文章结尾部分对本次研究作了总结， 并就与隐喻理解有关的问题作了补充说 明，对未来进一步研究提出了建议。 本研究表明，关联理论是解释人类认知的一种理论，它以关联为原则，把认 知语境作为基础， 将隐喻理解看成跟其他话语理解一样， 是追求最佳关联的过程， 为我们提供了理解隐喻的独特视角。 关键词：隐喻; 关联理论; 隐喻理解 I Abstract Metaphor as a kind of linguistic phenomenon exists broadly in
4、our daily life. It reflects and forms our concept system. It plays an important role in our daily thinking and cognitive action. Metaphor study has a long history. Different linguists have given different definitions of metaphor from different angles. They have provided their separate theories and m
5、ade contribution to this linguistic phenomenon, which provides theoretical grounds for further studies. First, a literature review of research both abroad and at home. On the basis of surveying the prior studies, relevance theory s unique perspective on metaphor was brought up. Next, several importa
6、nt concepts of relevance theory are introduced in relation to this study. They include relevance, context and contextual effect, optimal relevance and ostensive- inferential communication and so on. There is no boundary between metaphorical expression and ordinary utterance. Relevance theory interpr
7、ets the working mechanism of metaphor and points out any the propositional form of an utterance is a kind of interpretative expression of the speaker s thought. It explores on the nature of metaphor and regards that it is a kind of “ loose” talk. It is a kind of non- literal expression and vague exp
8、ression. The purpose of the speaker with metaphorical expression is to pursuit the optimally relevant expression of his thought. Metaphor interpretation from the perspective of relevance theory involves three sub- processes: the identification of explicatures; the construction of contextual assumpti
9、ons and the deduction of implicated conclusion. The meaning of metaphor is obtained through inferring and searching for the optimal relevance between utterance and contexts according to an array of contextual assumptions. Metaphor is not literal expression. It is a kind of vague language and connect
10、ion with the indirect utterance. Therefore, the hearer must pay extra processing effort. II Finally, it sums up the finding of the study. Moreover it presents factors related to metaphor understanding that have not been discussed in preceding chapter as a supplement. Meanwhile, the author points out
11、 the deficiency and proposes some suggestions for the future study. This study shows that relevance theory is a kind of cognitive theory, it regards relevance as principle and cognitive context as a foundation, metaphor understanding just as that of an ordinary utterance, is a process of searching f
12、or the optimal relevance, which provides us a unique perspective for metaphor understanding. Key words: metaphor; relevance theory; metaphor understanding 学位论文原创性声明 本人所提交的学位论文隐喻的关联理论阐释(Interpretation of Metaphor from Perspective of Relevance Theory) , 是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的原 创性成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含
13、任何其他个人或集体已 经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本论文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已 在文中标明。 本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 论文作者（签名） ： 指导教师确认（签名） ： 年 月 日 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解河北师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构 送交学位论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本文授权河北师范大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩 印或其他复制手段保存、汇编学位论文 （保密的学位论文在 年解密后适用本授权书） 论文作者（签名） ： 指导教师（签名） ： 年 月 日 年 月 日 1 Ch
14、apter 1 Introduction In daily life, most of us have such experience as we describe a strange object or abstract concept we always associate with our familiar concept. For example, when we talk about a man with a good- tempered and he always speaks in a low soft voice like a woman. We would say “ He
15、is a sheep” . Sometimes people would produce surprising associative meaning and creative language. For instance, in poem, there were too many examples. This cognitive process is usually considered as the centre of metaphor. It is a kind of important device of cognition. But what s metaphor? How can
16、a metaphor be identified in the daily used language? How to make out the meaning of metaphor? Studies on metaphor in western countries have a long history. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, presented the“comparison theory” , which laid ground for the development of later metaphor theories. At that time metaphor was only taken as a kind of rhetorical phenomenon. People used it to decorate their language. Later, different scholars discussed meta
