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1、 -11 -Controlling the Tobacco Epidemic:Selected Evidence in Support of Banning All Tobacco Advertising and Promotion, and Requiring Large, Picture-Based Health Warnings on Tobacco PackagesCanadian Cancer SocietyInternational Union Against Cancer April 2001Suggested citation:Canadian Cancer Society,
2、Controlling the Tobacco Epidemic: Selected Evidence in Support of Banning All Tobacco Advertising and Promotion, and Requiring Large, Picture-Based Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages (Ottawa: Canadian Cancer Society, International Union Against Cancer, 2001).For more information contact:Ken KyleDir
3、ector of Public IssuesCanadian Cancer Society116 Albert St., Suite 1010Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G3 CanadaTel: 613-565-2522, ext. 301Fax: 613-565-2278Email: kkyleottawa.cancer.cawww.cancer.caThe Canadian Cancer Society is a national, community-based organization of volunteers, whose mission is the eradic
4、ation of cancer and the enhancement of the quality of life of people living with cancer.Founded in 1933, the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) is an independent, international, non-governmental association of more than 290 member cancer fighting organisations in 86 countries. Based in Geneva
5、, Switzerland, UICCs purpose is to promote awareness and responsibility for the growing global cancer burden; to take effective action to prevent and reduce cancer incidence and mortality; to improve the quality of life of cancer patients and their families, and to build the capacity of our members
6、and partners to meet local cancer control needs.Table of ContentsPageForeword5Part I Advertising and Promotion7Introduction8Reports8Conference Proceedings 22Canadian Statistics 24Studies and Other Literature 25Part II Package Labelling 80Introduction 81Knowledge of health effects of smoking 82Genera
7、l Canadian Statistical Information 87Tobacco Industry Statements/Documents 88Legal Cases and Opinions 97Studies, Reports and Other Literature Warnings 99Promotional Impact of Packaging 143Education Initiatives Generally 151International Reaction to New Canadian Warnings 155Toxic Constituent Labellin
8、g 156Part III Expert Opinions Health Warnings 165Introduction 166Expert Opinions 166Part IV Expert Opinions Plain Packaging 202Introduction 203Expert Opinions 203Bibliographical List 210ForewordTwo of the critically important tobacco control measures recommended by the World Health Organization are
9、(1) banning all tobacco advertising and promotion and (2) requiring prominent health warnings on tobacco packages. Tobacco companies have long fiercely resisted implementation of these measures.In Canada, on April 25, 1997, Parliament adopted the Tobacco Act, a national law containing significant re
10、strictions on tobacco advertising and promotion. On December 10, 1998, Parliament adopted An Act to amend the Tobacco Act, strengthening the Tobacco Act by including a total ban on sponsorship advertising as of October 1, 2003. On June 26, 2000, the Tobacco Products Information Regulations were adop
11、ted, following approval by the federal Cabinet, by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health, and by the House of Commons as a whole. These Regulations require that one of 16 rotated picture-based warnings appear on the top 50% of the front and back of cigarette packages. One of 16 additiona
12、l rotated messages are required inside the package, either on an insert or on the “slide” of slide and shell packages. Further, the Regulations require that toxic emission yields printed on the side of the package be reported as a range. The range would include the yield resulting from the Internati
13、onal Organization for Standardization (ISO) test method, as well as from an intensive smoking test method.During the parliamentary process, the Canadian Cancer Society tabled with parliamentary committees two extensive compilations of evidence:Canadian Cancer Society, “Compilation of Selected Eviden
14、ce Regarding the Impact of Tobacco Advertising and Promotion: A Submission to Parliamentarians for Use During Consideration of Bill C-42, An Act to amend the Tobacco Act”, December 1998 (4 volumes, 165 tabs).Canadian Cancer Society, “Compilation of Selected Evidence Regarding the Impact of Tobacco Package Warnings and Labelling: A Submission to Members of Parliament for Use During Consideration of Regulations Under the Tobac
