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1、Chapter VIIChapter VII A Brief Introduction to American A Brief Introduction to American LiteratureLiterature I. Different Stages of American I. Different Stages of American LiteratureLiterature 1. American literature was formed and developed at the time of the War of Independence. 2. At the beginni
2、ng of the 19th century, American literature showed great importance on the stage of world literature. 3. American literature is the product of the development of the American society, reflecting the social life of America. II. FictionII. Fiction 1. Stages of American fiction1. Stages of American fic
3、tion A. From Irving, American fiction began to A. From Irving, American fiction began to flourish, but it still followed the European flourish, but it still followed the European convention.convention. B. There rose the novelists of Romanticism.B. There rose the novelists of Romanticism. C. The fict
4、ion that is typically American actually C. The fiction that is typically American actually began from Mark Twain.began from Mark Twain. D. From the turn of the 20th C., American D. From the turn of the 20th C., American fiction began to be more noticeable.fiction began to be more noticeable. E. Afte
5、r WWII, there appeared a diversity of E. After WWII, there appeared a diversity of American fiction.American fiction. F. American contemporary literature has continued to undergo healthy development in producing new forms and new language suitable for expressing a vivid and varied sense about contem
6、porary life. 2. Schools of American fiction A. American modernism from 1900 to 1940 B. Postmodernism from 1960s to 1980s C. American fiction became more conservative during the late 1980s. D. The new directions: science fiction & hybrid forms, critical literature, voices and myths by women writers a
7、nd authors from other marginal groups. E. Short story or cool-surfaced minimalist fiction. 3. Washington Irving3. Washington Irving (1783-1859)(1783-1859) A. The “father of American literature” B. The first American to achieve international literary reputation. C. Born in NYC on April 3rd, 1783. D.
8、He was the first to write by using the local color of America, and his details added a note of symbolism to the basic themes. E. His most famous story is Rip Van Winkle. 4. Nathaniel Hawthorne4. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)(1804-1864) A. Born on Day of Independence, 1804 as a descendant of Purita
9、n immigrants. B. He is famous in romantic fiction, a pioneer in psychological description, and the outstanding representative of the 19th century American literature. C. He wrote as a moralist. D. His most famous novel is The Scarlet Letter. 5. Edgar Allan Poe5. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)(1809-1849
10、) A. Born in Boston in 1809. B. Poes life was very miserable. C. He is a critic, a poet and a novelist. D. He wrote 50 stories, 70 poems and some criticisms. E. Famous works: The Fall of the House of Usher, The Black Cat. F. The “father of detective stories” 6. Mark Twain6. Mark Twain (1835-1910) A.
11、 Basic information: a. The pen name of Samuel L. Clements.a. The pen name of Samuel L. Clements. b. A realistic writer called “the true father of our b. A realistic writer called “the true father of our national literature”national literature” B. Life: a. Born on Nov. 30, 1835. b. An apprentice on a
12、 steam boat. c. A soldier during the Civil War. d. In 1862 he went West and wrote many humorous sketches. C. Contributions: a. His masterpiece is a. His masterpiece is The Adventures of Huckleberry The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnFinn. . b. He is humorist and he connected American folk b. He is hu
13、morist and he connected American folk humor and serious literature.humor and serious literature. c. He satirized the evils of the society greatly, but later c. He satirized the evils of the society greatly, but later he showed a pessimistic attitude to society.he showed a pessimistic attitude to soc
14、iety. 7. Theodore Dreiser7. Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)(1871-1945) A. One of the great American realists or naturalist. B. His novels deal with everyday life, with details, mixed with good and bad, but without comments. C. Two periods boarded by the Russian Revolution: Before that his writing was r
15、ealistic and naturalistic. After that he gave up naturalists, and became a socialist writer. D. The American Tragedy is his masterpiece. E. He joined the American Communist Party. F. He is an outstanding representative of F. He is an outstanding representative of modern American progressive literatu
16、re. modern American progressive literature. G. His works revealed the tragedies of G. His works revealed the tragedies of American society, but he failed to find ways American society, but he failed to find ways to solve these problems.to solve these problems. 8. Jack London (1876-1916)(1876-1916) A. Born on Jan. 12th, 1876 in San Francisco. B. He led a very poor and miserable life. C. Best novels: The Call of the Wild and White Fang. D. He revealed severely the evils of American society. E. On
