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1、定语从句用法的总结 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词下面定语从句用法的总结是小编想跟大家分享的欢迎大家浏览 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面被修饰的词称为先行词 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等 关系词常有3个作用：1引导定语从句2代替先行词3在定语从句中担当一个成分 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人在从句中做主语 (1)Theboyswhoareplayingf
2、ootballarefromClassOne. (2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway. 2.whom指人在定语从句中充当宾语常可省略 (1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. (2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替可省略 (3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend. 3.which指物在定语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamew
3、hichislikedbymostboys. (2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday. 4.that指人时相当于who或者whom;指物时相当于which在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略 (5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyear risesonemillion. (6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning? 5.whose通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ion
4、celivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. whose指物时常用以下结构来代替 (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1)Th
5、eschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous. (2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. (3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor. (4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked. (5)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout. (6)Wellgotohearthefamoussi
6、ngeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked. 2.关系代词前的介词的选择 *由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要 (1)Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis300,000kmpersecond.(atthespeedof以速度) (2)Thereasonforwhichhedidntetoschoolwasthathewasill.(foracertainreason由于某种原因) *介词可能是从句短语动词的一个固定部分或固定搭配 (3)Dontbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.(beafr
7、aidof害怕) (4)ThisistheteacherfromwhomIborrowedthebook.(borrowfrom从借入 注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等 (1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T) (2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F) 2.若介词放在关系代词前关系代词指人时用whom不可用who或者that;指物时用which不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose (1)Themanwithwhomyoutalk
8、edismyfriend.(T) (2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F) (3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisveryfortable.(T) (4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryfortable.(F) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词 (1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim. (2)Inthebasket
9、therearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad. (3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities. 四.关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. (2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame. 2.where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn. (2
10、)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. (2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday. 注意：1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear. (2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolheb
11、egantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup. (3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereIwasborn. 2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时如果在从句中不是作状语时不可用关系副词引导 (1)Thereason(that/which)hegaveforbeinglateisthathismotherwasill. (2)Theymakemethinkofthehappydays(that/which)wespenttogether. (3)Isthisfactorytheone(that/which)theyvisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.
