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1、写作训练系列写作训练系列3 3宾语补足语和宾语补足语和 同位语同位语 一，宾语补足语的定义：英语中有些及一，宾语补足语的定义：英语中有些及 物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有 一个一个宾语补足语，用以补充说明前面的宾语补足语，用以补充说明前面的 宾语，使句子的意义完整。宾语，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的这类常用的 及物动词有：及物动词有： make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get, have,let,suppose,thinkhave,let,supp
2、ose,think等。等。 Electricity can make a machine Electricity can make a machine runrun. . We consider /think/suppose the We consider /think/suppose the weather to be more and more weather to be more and more serious.serious. 二，宾语补足语的表现形式二，宾语补足语的表现形式 宾语补足语在句中的九种表现形式 1.名词（包括名词性物主代词） His father named him S
3、anmao. 被动语态为he was named Sanmao by his father. We consider Mr Wang an excellent teacher. We elected/appointed him president. 2.形容词及其短语 They painted the boat white. We saw him young and strong,and now he is old and worn. 3.不定式及其短语 You mustnt force students to concentrate on his lessens. Nobody notice
4、d him slide into the room. 4.现在分词及其短语 I heared her murmuring to the boy seated next to her. We saw a truck running into the police station. 5.过去分词 We saw Daye changed greatly in the past 10 years. I had my computer repaired. Nobody found her guilty. 6.用as引出补足语 We take English as a useful tool for re
5、search work. I look upon him as my teacher. Dont regard/treat me as your possession. 7.用介词短语表示 We found everything here out of order. He found himself in prison after waking up. 8.用副词表示 Open the winsow and let fresh air in. I happened to see him out with a stranger. 9.用从句表示 We will soon make our cit
6、y what yours is now. The plant has its name.You cant call it what you will. 10.用it作形式宾语再接形容词或名词作补 足语 We think/consider/find/feel it our duty /necessary to support him. Dont take it for granted that the earth is the center of the universe. He made it a rule to somke ten cigarettes a day. They think i
7、t useless assisting lazy and poor people. We think it no good deliberately harming animals. 同位语 一同位语的定义：和前面的名词表达同一含义的 成分叫同位语。 二同位语的表现形式 1.名词 AGeorge Bush，the present American president，was the governor of the state of Texas BI want very much to read these new novels，especially the one you mentioned
8、2动名词短语（有逗号隔开） AHe enjoys the exercise，swimming in winter BAsking him to join us，thats a good idea 3不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开） AThere is one thing hell never dotell lies BThe question what to do next hasnt been considered 4形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开） AHe，short and thin，is unfit for the job BAll the countries，big or small，are
9、 equal 5介词短语（有时有逗号隔开） As the head of the company，he had to explain what had happenedHe，the head of the company，had to ex- plain what had happened 6名词性从句（其前面的先行词一般都带有定 冠词the）。这样的先行词有fact，news， truth，knowledge， idea，hope，question ，problem，assumption等。例如： AYou have yet to answer my question whether you
10、 can lend me your bike BThey had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30kilometers away 注释：宾语补足语若改为被动语态就是主语补足 语。 模拟练习 1.we_（我们管那江叫珠江 ）.call.pearl 2.什么是你如此沮丧？ .depressed 3.我喜欢看角马在原野上奔驰。 I like to watch_on the plain.gnu 4.I heared_(他叫了我的 名字).call 5.她昨天在医院拔了牙。 She had_.pull Call this ri
11、ver Pearl River What makes you so depressed? Gnus running Him call my name My wrong tooth pulled in the hospital 6.每次看见她，我发现她都在工作。 Every time I saw her,I_.at 7.我习惯开窗睡觉。 I am used to sleeping with_. 8.把他们请进来。Show _. 9.我们一定要把中国建成像今日美国一样 的国家。 We must make China_.what Found her at work The windows open
12、Show them in What the USA is today 10.你们学生应当把在校学习看成自己的首 要任务。 You students should consider it_.study 11.Hawking,_(霍金著 名的英国科学家宣称外星人存在。 )delared that aliens exist in the universe. 12.我妈喜欢那些活动，像什么跳舞啊打麻 将啊什么的。 Mother likes such activities as _.majoang Your first duty to study at school A famous British s
13、cientist, Dancing,playing Majiang and so on 13.和老外交流，那是提高英语口语的好办 法。 ，that is a good way to improve your spoken E municate 14.All the people,_,must obey the laws.所有的人无论贫富都必须 遵守法律。 15.他作为一国元首，很慷慨地把权力交给 了自己的儿子。 ，he generously gave his power to his own son.chief of state Communicating with foreigners We
14、althy and poor As chief of state 16.我们不得不面临这样的事实地球正在遭 到人类严重破坏。 We have to face the fact_.damage 17.谁被任命为总经理的问题已经被讨论过 了。 The question_ Has been discussed at yesterdays meeting.appoint 18.他被谋杀的原因是他知道了太多的秘密 。 The reason_was that he had known too many secrits. That the earth is being seriously bamaged by humans Who will be appointed chief manager Why he was murdered 知识回顾知识回顾 Knowledge Knowledge ReviewReview
