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1、句子的构成句子的构成 句子成分 l主语 l谓语 l宾语 l表语 l宾补 l定语 l状语 人称代词 主格宾格形容词 性物主 代词 名词性 物主代 词 反身代 词 我 我们 你，你们 他 她 它 他（她， 它）们 人称代 词 主格宾格形容词 性物主 代词 名词性 物主代 词 反身代词 我 I me myminemyself 我们 we us ouroursourselves 你，你 们 youyouyouryoursyourself yourselves 他hehimhishishimself 她sheherherhersherself 它itititsitsitself 他（她 ，它） 们 th
2、eythemtheirtheirsthemselves （一）主语 lJane is good at playing the piano. lShe went out in a hurry. lFour plus four is eight. lTo see is to believe. lSmoking is bad for health. lThe young should respect the old. lWhat he has said is true. 注意 l主语一般位于句首。可以作主语的 成分有名词，主格代词（如you, he, she , I ,we, they, it)，动
3、词不 定式，动名词等。注意：可数名词 单数形式常和冠词不分家！ （二）谓语 l简单谓语:一般在主语之后。由动词或动词 词组组成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角 。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓 结构，如：We come. lI saw the flag on the top of the hill. lHe looked after two orphans. l复合谓语： 由情态动词或助动词+动词; lHe can speak English well. lWe have finished our summer holidays. （三）表语 l在系动词后的部分就是表语 l常见的系动词有:
4、 lbe(am,is,are,were,was), lappear,look,seem, lfeel,smell,taste,sound, lkeep,stay,remain lturn,become,get,grow,come,go etc. l系动词不用于被动语态. lThe apple tastes sweet. 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. The bread smells delicious. 5. We should remain seated in clas
5、s. 6. It becomes hotter and hotter. 宾语 宾语位于及物动词之后。做宾语成分的有：名词 ，宾格代词，动词不定式，动名词。有些及物动 词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递， bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人 ，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾 语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + sb + sth = 动词+ sth + to/for + sb 如：给你一杯茶 送她一个礼物 给我买衣服 .please pass me the book. .He bought me some flowers. I like my jo
6、b. I love you. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. （五）宾语补足语 l宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说 明的成分。宾语与其补足语之间如果没有 动词加上be动词，意思行的通。 lI found the book interesting. lDo you smell something burning? lShe asked me to lend her a hand. lPlease make yourself at home. lPlease keep the dog out. 主动语态
7、变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river. He was last seen playing near the river. The teacher made the student read the sentences. The student was made to read the sentences. We made him monitor. He was made monitor. He pushed the door open. The door was pushed open. （六）定语:对名词进行修饰,
8、“的” lHe is a clever boy. lHis father works in a coffee shop. lThere are 54students in our class. lDo you know his sister? lHe bought some sleeping bags. lHis spoken language is good. lI met a friend on my way home. (形容词) (名词) (数词) (名词所有格) (动名词 ) (过在分词) （副词) （七）状语 l可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式等. lI will be b
9、ack in a while. lThey are playing on the playground. lHe was late because he got up late. lHe got up so late that he missed the train. 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语 l1. I like _（ 我们的） English teacher. l2. Jane bought _（她） a gift. l3. John had a big h
10、ouse. _（他的房 子） is beautiful. l4. _（你们） should study hard. l5. They found _（他们自己） still in bed. l6. She introduces _（她自己）. l7. _（我的） watch is out of order. l8. _（它的）teeth are very sharp. l1. I like our English teacher. l2. Jane bought her a gift. l3. John had a big house. His is beautiful. l4. You sh
11、ould study hard. l5. They found themselves still in bed. l6. She introduces herself. l7. My watch is out of order. l8. Its teeth are very sharp. 基本句型 l 主语+不及物动词+（其他成分） l 主语+系动词+表语（主系表） l 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾） l 主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 l 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 Exercises:分析句子结构 lYou are a student. lHe felt happy today. l
12、What you said made me happy. lAfter he finished his homework, he went away. lHe likes pop music. 1. She is a student. _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his 2. Could you help _ with _ English, please. A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I 3. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful
13、than _. A. Toms, my, he B. Toms, mine, his C. Toms, mine, him D. Toms, my, his 4. Most of _like Chinese food. A. they B. their C. them D. theirs 5. We bought _ English Chinese dictionaries. A. us B. ours C. ourselves D. to us l6. Dont you let _ help you ? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I lC. my
14、 friend and me D. my friend and I 7. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ . A. I B. me C. my D. mine 8. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ . A. ours, mine, myself l B. your, mine, myself lC. yours, her, myself lD. yours, my, myself l9. Most people think _ are winning SARS. A. ours B. ourselves C. we D.
15、us l I had an interesting dream last night. l At first, I couldnt run very fast and fell behind. l I didnt lose heart and kept running. l All the students on the playground cheered me on. l In the end, I got to the finishing line first. lI won the race. lMany of my classmates threw me up into the ai
16、r. lJust at that time I woke up and found yourself still in bed. lEvery night he heard the noise upstairs. lHe began to learn English when he was eleven. lThe man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. 人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力， 明辨是非的能力。 所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读， 古人说“书中自有黄金屋。 ”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识， 培养逻辑思维能力； 通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平， 培养文学情趣； 通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。 有许多书籍还能
