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1、第 六 章 增词与省略翻译 n By Xu Xiaomei nNovember, 2013 Teaching Objectives nTo learn the translation techniques of : namplification and omission nTeaching Focus : nHow to make the translation more accurate by using the adopted techniques nTeaching Methods: nCombination of explanation, analysis and practice n
2、Time Arrangement: n4 periods References n郭著章，英汉互译实用教程 n冯庆华，实用翻译教程 n张培基，英汉翻译教程 n孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程M. 上外教出版社； n彭长江. 英汉汉英翻译教程M. 湖南师大出版社， n冯伟年，最新简明英语翻译教程M，世界图书出版 公司，2001 n陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程M.上海外语教育出版 社，2004 n许建平.英汉翻译实践与技巧M.清华大学出版社 2000 增词法 Amplification n教学目的：让学生了解常用翻译技巧“增词” n教学重点：增词 n教学难点：如何在翻译实践中中应用这一技巧 n教学方法：技巧
3、分析与翻译练习相结合 n教学参考书：郭著章的英汉互译翻译教程、张 培基的英汉翻译教程、吕瑞昌的汉英翻译教 程和彭长江的英汉汉英翻译教程 n教学时间：2节课 I. Definition of amplification nAmplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. As a matter of principle, a translator is not
4、supposed to add any meaning to or to subtract any meaning from the original work. nHowever, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his or her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the language to be translated in
5、to. In fact it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”. nThis is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Therefore, many ideas, idi
6、omatic expressions and phrases, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to the original patterns without alteration and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions. n1. A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. n译文1： 一本书，紧紧合上，只是一
7、叠纸。 n译文2：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是 一叠纸。 n译文3：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是 一叠废纸。 n译文4：闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 n2. Success is often just an idea away. n译文1：成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 n译文2：成功往往只是一念之差。 n译文3：成功与否往往只是一念之差。 n4. Away flies the arrow! n译文1：箭飞走了！ n译文2：箭嗖的一声飞走了！ n或：嗖，箭飞走了！ II. Classification of Amplification in English-Chinese Translation
8、n1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词） This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. These kinds of words are amplified so that they can express th
9、e intended or implied lexical or contextual meanings of the SL text clearly and exactly, or in other words, they are amplified so as to make the implied lexical meanings in the SL text concrete, clear, and idiomatic. n1. 1 增加动词 Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark T
10、wain: The Prince and the Pauper) n译文一：啊，汤姆康第，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现 在这番景象却是多么显赫啊！ n译文二：汤姆康第原来(who was born)生在可怜巴巴的 人家(in misery)，穿得破破烂烂(in rags)，一身邋里邋遢 (in dirt)，现在(what sight is this)换了这身装束，啊，是 何等气派！ n She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. n译文:1：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生 长着花儿
11、。 n译文2：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花， 连胸中也生出了花。 n译文3：她觉得自己好像手里拿着花，嘴边吻着花 ， 自己也像花儿一样开放了。 n1. 2 增加名词 A. 在抽象名词后面增加名词 After all preparations were made, the plane took off. (准备工作) n The arrogance of the aristocracy helped to lead to the French Revolution. n（傲慢的态度） n From the evaporation of water people know that liqu
12、ids can turn into gases under certain condition. （水分蒸发的现象） nB. 在具体名词后面增加名词(两种情形) a)当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时，在译文 中也常常需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词。 He allowed the father to be overruled (驳回reject a proposal of a person) by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。 n他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，判决自己儿子 有罪。 nb) 在具体名词后面增加名词，避免译文含混， 使译文符合汉语
13、习惯。 In this way she brings the ends of her life together with a terrifying rush: she is a girl, a wife, a mother, widow, all at once. n就这样，她急速地将自己一生七零八碎的事像竹筒倒豆 子似的全兜了底：她做姑娘时的事，做妻子时的事，做 母亲时的事，守寡时的事，通通搅和在一起。 nMany great writers were not appreciated fully while they were alive. n（作家的作品） nC. 在形容词前面增加名词
14、This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. n这台新型的计算机真是价廉物美。 nHe is a complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. n他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些 忧郁寡欢。 nD. 在不及物动词后面增加名词 英语中的某些动词在用作不及物动词的时候，虽然后 面并没有带宾语，但宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的。 所以在翻译成汉语时，往往要把隐含的宾语翻译出来。 Wash before meal. Shopping-bag ladies do
15、not drink. Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust. n（涂油漆） nMary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. n（洗衣服） 1. 3增加概括词 n概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并没有 出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往往可以加入“两人”、“双方” 、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略掉英语中 的连接词。 n Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，gro
16、w，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. n与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两 季，繁殖、生长, 储存脂肪。 nThe advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 这座大厅有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声。 nOr：这座大厅具有明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声等优点 。 n In the 1960s, the Soviets posed a serious challenge to Americas hegemonic (霸权的) position militarily, politically and economically. 20世纪60年代，苏联在军事、政治、经济等方面对美国 的霸权地
