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1、中考英语语法总复习专题一 基本句式与特殊句式一、基本句式简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子：She gave me a pen.并列句是包含两个或两个以上的句子，句子之间常用并列连词连接。 表示不同关系选择不同的连词：and, not onlybut also, neithernor,as well as, or, otherwise, eitheror, but, yet, still ,however, while,复合句在初中主要有：宾语从句, 定语从句, 状语从句（见后面的专题复习）二、特殊句式（一）祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原
2、形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. 祈使句的否定式： Dont +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please dont talk in low voices. 祈使句，and + 将来时的句子 （表示承接关系） 祈使句，or + 将来时的句子 （表示否则关系） Get up early, and you will get there on time. Get up early, or you will be late for the meeting.注意祈使句在复合句和其它一些情况下看作将来时：Please call me when she comes back. (主
3、将从现)-Dont bring it here tomorrow. -OK, I wont.真题演练1. Get up earlier next time, you will have enough time to have breakfast. A. and B. so C. or2. Stop smoking, you will get better soon. A. or B. but C. and D. so3. Hurry up, you will be late for school. A. or B. but C. and D. So4. Study hard, you will
4、 fail the test. A. and B. so C. or（二）感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”（1）what引导的感叹句：1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词 （+主语+ 谓语）！_ a clever boy he is !2.what + adj + 复数名词 （+主语+ 谓语）！_ heavy boxes they are !3.what + adj + 不可数名词（+主语+ 谓语）！_ bad weather !（2）how引导的感叹句：1.How + adj / adv + （主语+ 谓语） ！_ hard they are wor
5、king !2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词（+主语+ 谓语）！How tall a boy he is !（3）what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换：1. _beautiful girl she is ! = _ beautiful the girl is !（4）几个常见的感叹句：1._ great fun it is ! 2._ important information ! 3._ good news !（5）感叹句常见不可数名词food , work , weather , fun , information , news , advice ,真题演练1.
6、_beautifuldayitis! Letsgoandhaveapicnicinthepark. A. How B. Whata C. What 2. _widethestreetsare! A. What B. How C. Whata3. -_interestingtalkMr. Blackgaveus!-Yes. Wealllikeitverymuch. A. How B. Whata C. Whatan4. meetingitis!A.Whataimportant B.Whatimportant C.Howan important D.Whatanimportant5. -Havey
7、ouseenthefilmAliceinWonderful?-Yes._wonderfulfilmitis! A.What B. Whata C. How6. _happilythechildrenareflyingkites!A. What B. Whata C. How7.Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July. Really? _ exciting news! A. How B. What an C. What8.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _ g
8、reat courage he showed!A. What a B. What C. How a D. How9._ nice day today! Yeah, lets take a walk outside. A. What a B. What C. How10.The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st._ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? A .What a B. Wh
9、at C. How a D. How（三）反意疑问句：陈述句 + 附加疑问句？ 原则：1.前肯后否，前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致 Students are reading English in the classroom, arent they? There isnt a book on the desk, is there? 若陈述句部分含有never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing 否定词、半否定词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式。 He can hardly understand it, can he ? 句中有反
10、义词的句子的反意疑问句，仍把它作为肯定形式。He is unhappy, isnt he? 祈使句的反意疑问句（无论否定还是肯定）都为 will you ? Dont make so much noise, will you? Please keep quiet, will you? Lets 的反意疑问句为 shall we ? Let us的反意疑问句为will you ? Let us go to the movie together, will you?/ Lets go to the movie together, will you? 当陈述句是主从复合句时,其附加疑问句应与主句保持
11、一致 He said that he would leave here tomorrow, didnt he?若主句为I think / believe /suppose /imagine /expect 时，其疑问句应与从句保持一致 I think you can do these exercises alone, cant you? I dont think you can do these exercises alone, can you? 陈述句中有has / have / had 时，一定要注意助动词的选择 They had to leave early , _ _ ? He has
12、 few friends in the new school , _ _? He has never been to Beijing , _ _? She had studied a few English songs by the end of last month. ,_ _? 反义疑问句的回答：反义疑问句的回答要根据事实作答，若事实是肯定的，就用yes +肯定形式。若事实是否定的，就用No, +否定形式。真题演练1. Cindy could hardly speak English three years ago, _? A. couldnt she B. could she C. ca
13、n she2. Alice had a wonderful time yesterday,_?A. hadnt she B. wasnt she C. didnt she3. She didnt come to school yesterday, did she? _, though she was not feeling well. A. No, she didnt B. Yes, she didnt C. No, she did D. Yes, she did4. He has read this book before, ?A. hasnt he B. doesnt he C. isnt he5. Lets go for a walk, _?- OK, Im coming . Dont forget to bring your camera, _?A. will you; will you B. will you; shall we C. shall we; s
