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1、翻译方法 VII：加注 Annotation 1 Annotation 由于英汉文化存在许多差异，因此英 语中某些文化词语在汉语中根本就没有对 等词，这就形成了词义上的空缺。在这种 情况下，英译汉时常常要采用加注法来弥 补空缺。 2 Annotation 加注通常可以用来补充诸如背景材料 、 词语起源等相关信息，便于读者理解。 注释可长可短，可采用文中注释，也 可采用脚注，有时还可二者兼用。 加注法可分为 音译加注法 直译加注法 3 Transliteration 音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。 音译加注法可用来翻译某个单词，尤其是 某些专有名词。 4 Transliteration npi
2、zza ncartoon nJazz nToyota nSahara 5 Transliteration npizza 披萨饼 nJazz 爵士乐 ncartoon 卡通片 nToyota 丰田车 nSahara 撒哈拉沙漠 6 Transliteration nBunsen 本生灯（一种煤气灯） nclone 克隆（一种无性繁殖方法） nAIDS 爱滋病（一种性免疫缺损综合症） nsauna 桑拿浴（源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴 ） nSaint Valentines Day 圣瓦伦廷节 （情人节，2月14 日） 7 Transliteration nNew York was never Mecca
3、 to me. 8 Transliteration nNew York was never Mecca to me. n纽约从不是我心中的圣地麦加。 9 Transliteration nBig Ben is ringing the hour. 10 Transliteration nBig Ben is ringing the hour. n大本钟*在当当报时。 n（*伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。） 11 Transliteration nA dead leaf fell in Soapys lap. That was Jack Frosts card. 12 Transliteration n
4、A dead leaf fell in Soapys lap. That was Jack Frosts card. n一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰 克弗罗斯特*的名片。 n（*杰克弗罗斯特Jack Frost是英文里对“ 寒霜”的拟人称号。） 13 Transliteration nHe saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes. 14 Transliteration nHe saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suite
5、s of Ritzes. n他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服，被恭恭敬 地引进了像里兹饭店*一般豪华酒店的客 房里下榻。 n（*里兹饭店原为瑞士人里兹1850- 1919 开设，以豪华著称。） 15 Transliteration n“It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhus victory,“ said the General. 16 Transliteration n“It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrh
6、us victory,“ said the General. n将军说：“敌人确实赢得了战斗，但他们 的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利*，得不偿失。 ” 17 Transliteration n*皮洛士（Pyrrhus）是古希腊伊庇鲁斯 国王，曾率兵至意大利与罗马交战，付 出惨重代价，打败罗马军队，由此即以“ 皮洛士式的胜利“一词来借喻惨重的代价 。 18 Transliteration nHe slipped out of the State Department and crossed the Potomac to Arlington, Virginia, where the civil cerem
7、ony took place. 19 Transliteration nHe slipped out of the State Department and crossed the Potomac to Arlington, Virginia, where the civil ceremony took place. n他偷偷溜出了国务院，渡过波托马克河 到弗吉尼亚州的阿林顿县，在那里举行 了民间简朴的结婚仪式。 20 Literal Translation 直译加注指直译原文，并附加解释性 注释。注释可长可短，既可采用文中注 释，也可采用脚注，还可二者合用。 21 Literal Trans
8、lation nHe slipped out of the State Department and crossed the Potomac to Arlington, Virginia, where the civil ceremony took place. n他偷偷溜出了国务院，渡过波托马克河 到弗吉尼亚州的阿林顿县，在那里举行 了世俗婚礼*。 22 Literal Translation n世俗婚礼civil ceremony是与宗教婚礼 religious ceremony相对应的。结婚仪式 可以是宗教形式religious ceremony的， 也可以是世俗形式civil cere
9、mony的，但 是必须是由经过注册的专人主持的。 23 Literal Translation nBig Apple nfly girl nmad-cow disease nOval Office ntree hugger 24 Literal Translation nBig Apple 大苹果（纽约的别称） nfly girl 飞飞女（指时髦撩人的年轻女子 ） nmad-cow disease 疯牛病（牛海绵状脑 病） nOval Office 椭圆形办公室（美国白宫总 统办公室） n tree hugger 紧抱树干的人（指极端环境 保护主义者） 25 Literal Translati
10、on na bull in a china shop nThe apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest. 26 Literal Translation na bull in a china shop 公牛闯进瓷器店肆意捣乱 nThe apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest. 隔墙的苹果最甜这山看着那山高 27 Literal Translation nIt was Friday * and soon theyd go out and get drunk. 28
11、 Literal Translation nIt was Friday * and soon theyd go out and get drunk. n星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街 去喝得酩酊大醉。 n（*星期五Friday为英国的发薪日。） 如不解释，译入语读者就不会明白英 国人为什么要在这一天上街去大吃大喝。 29 Literal Translation nThe man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle. 30 Literal Translation nThe man who
12、waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle. n刚下一场及时雨，那人却又为草坪浇 水，真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔，多此一举 。 n（*纽卡斯尔：英国煤都） 31 Literal Translation nThe question she flunked on was: “What is the Constitution of the United States?“ The answer she gave was: “A boat. “ 32 Literal Translation nThe question sh
13、e flunked on was: “What is the Constitution of the United States?“ The answer she gave was: “A boat. “ n她答错的一道题是：“美国宪法*是什 么？”她的回答却是“一条船。” 33 Literal Translation n* the Constitution of the United States 指美国宪法，但它也是美国历史上著名 战舰“宪法号“的英文名字。 34 Literal Translation nAll this will not be finished in the first
14、 one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our life-time on the planet. 35 Literal Translation n所有这一切都不会在第一个一百天*内完 成， 也不会在第一个一千天内完成，不 会在本届政府内完成，甚至也不会在我 们这一辈子完成。 n（*原指美国总统福兰克林罗斯福执政 后推行“新政”的第一个一百天。） 36 In-class
15、 Exercise nHe did a Jordon. nThe favor of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference that they rarely leave hope at bottom. 37 In-class Exercise nHe suggested that a truly-inclusive politically-correct pronoun would be “s/h/it“. nThe professor rapped on his desk and shout
16、ed: “ Gentlemen, order! “ The entire class yelled, “Beer!“ 38 Reference nHe did a Jordon . n他投篮像飞人乔丹*那样棒。 n（ *乔丹：全名叫Micheal Jordon，是美 国NBA职业篮球巨星） 39 Reference nThe favor of Government are like the box of Pandora , with this important difference that they rarely leave hope at bottom. n政府的恩惠如同盘多兰的盒子，后患无 穷，主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希 望。 40 Reference nHe suggested that a truly-inclusive politically-correct pronoun would be “s/h/it“. n他建议，真正既全面又符合政治正确性 的代词应是“她或他或它”。 n（注意：s/h/it唤起shit联想，意在揶揄 被美国媒
