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1、网管常用的命令工具（Commonly used command tools for network management）Commonly used command tools for network management1, Ping2, IPconfig3, Netstat4, Nbtstat5, Tracert6, Pathping7, ArpClassification of network faultsNetwork faults can be divided into physical and logical faults.Physical failure refers to eq
2、uipment or line damage, plug loose, the line was seriously electromagnetic interference and so on. For example, a line is suddenly interrupted, and then check with the Ping or Fping to see if the line is connected to the network management center. At this point, check that the port plug is loose or
3、that the network plug is accidentally connected.At the same time, in many cases of line faults, routers are involved.The most common configuration of logical failures is configuration errors, which are network anomalies or faults caused by configuration of network devices.Another kind of logic failu
4、re is that some important processes or ports are closed and the system is loaded too high.Physical fault: for example, a line suddenly interrupted, then we should first check whether there is flow on the line; then use Ping or Fping to check the wiring in the network management center side is connec
5、ted with the Ping; next check line remote router port can response; using Traceroute to check the router configuration is correct. Note that a general Ping can only detect one end to the other end of the connection, but not a detection end connectivity to many, but once Fping Ping multiple IP addres
6、ses, such as the C class the whole network address etc. If several consecutive Ping RequesttimeOUt information, indicating that the network does not work. At this point, you should check the port plug is loose, or network plug is mistakenly connected. This phenomenon is often caused by human error m
7、anipulation without clear network plug specifications or without a clear network topology planning.At the same time, in many cases of line faults, routers are involved. To detect the fault of the router, we need to use the MIB variable browser, table, port traffic data, billing data collected by its
8、 routing router, router CPU and router memory load, temperature and other data allowance. Usually, the network management system has a special management process, constantly detect the key data of the router, and give the alarm in time.If there is no fault in the network line and router, it is likel
9、y that the host is out of order. The common case is that the hosts network card is out of order. The easiest way to solve this problem is to replace the network card. There are some network host fault is very hidden, to diagnose this fault, there is no particularly good tool, only rely on experience
10、d network managers.Logical fault: the configuration error may be a faulty router port parameter, or a router routing configuration error, so that the routing loop cannot find a remote address, or a routing mask setting error. For example, the same is the line failure in the network, the line has no
11、traffic, but it can also connect the ports on both ends of the Ping circuit, and then it is very likely that the routing configuration is wrong. In this case, we usually use the route tracking program or Traceroute (which is similar to Ping, the biggest difference is that Traceroute is the end of th
12、e line by line through the router was divided into multiple segments, and each segment returned in response and delay), if found in Traceroute results in a period after two, IP address cycle appears, then the general judgment is the distal port line routing also points to the proximal line, leading
13、to IP package on this line passing back and forth. You just need to change the remote router port configuration and youll be able to restore the line.Another kind of logic failure is that some important processes or ports are closed and the system is loaded too high. For example, the line is interru
14、pted and there is no traffic. Using Ping, the line port is blocked and the port is found to be in the Down state. This indicates that the port has been shut down and caused a fault. You just need to restart the port to restore connectivity.There is a common situation is the high performance router l
15、oad, router CPU temperature is too high, the CPU utilization rate is too high, and the remaining memory is too little, so if the influence of the service quality of the network, the most direct and the best way is to replace the router.two examples of network failuresI. network cable faultTwo 、 netw
16、ork card and network faultThree, hub and switch faultFour, router failureFive, ADSL faultI. network cable fault1., the phenomenon of failure: a LAN for 100Mbps Ethernet, a total of 50 computers, through the D-Linkl0 / 100Mbps switches interconnection. It is now necessary to install application software for each computer by server. When copying the network, it is found that the
