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1、HOW TO BECOME A SUC-CESSFUL GROUP LEADER3：HOW TO BECOME A SUC-CESSFULsgroupsLEADERhttp:/ 2003/11/14 00:56 中图读者俱乐部 第三章如何成为成功的小组领袖小组中的组员像砖块，小组中的组长像灰泥，砖块是整体不可或缺的材料，但是没有灰泥就不能将它们整合在一起。本章将集中论述在小组讨论中组长的影响和功能。 Introduction介绍Accepting a position of designated leader means taking on special responsibilities a
2、nd duties to serve the good of the group, as well as the larger organization of which it is a part. This, we believe, should be the central principle of any philosophy of smallsgroupsleadership.The metaphor we suggest is that the members are the bricks and the leader is the mortar that binds them to
3、gether, the bricks provide the support and substance of the group, but the mortar allows the wholesgroupsto hold its shape - completes the structure, so to speak. This concept of the leader as completer, as articulated by Schutz , suggests that“. the best a leader can do is to observe what functions
4、 are not being performed by a segment of thesgroupsand enable this part to accomplish them”or, if necessary, perform them. Influences of asgroupsLeader小组领袖的影响Effectiveness in achievingsgroupsgoals grows out of leaders action choices, which influence four dimensions of problem solving: members- perce
5、ptions of the leader; members- perceptions of themselves and of each other; members- perceptions of thesgroupsas a whole; members- judgment on substantive issues. True to the systems perspective, these four dimensions interact.Influencing Members- Perceptions of the LeaderConsciously or unconsciousl
6、y, leaders influence how members perceive them. The most effective leaders do this at a conscious level insgroupsto control how they appear and thus how they influence others. Leaders who act informally and socialize with members promote perceptions of themselves as relaxed, unassuming, and part of
7、the team. This can be helpful in putting members at ease and in minimizing status differences between leaders and members. It may also be appropriate when an appointed leader first takes charge and wants to show members he or she is not stiff and does not intend to run the whole show. The leader sho
8、uld be careful, however, not to act so informally that it is not possible to tighten up later if the need emerges.Influencing MembersPerception of Themselves and of Each OtherLeaders actions influence how members perceive themselves and what they regard as appropriate orientations tosgroupswork. Thr
9、ough references to each members participation, achievement, and skill, a leader contributes to role development in the group. By appointing people to record, present position papers, a leader enhances their visibility. Punctuality and attendance are encouraged by leadership actions that censor viola
10、tions. If a member starts dragging in late or skipping meeting, the leader should indicate disapproval quickly before members conclude it is acceptable to miss meetings. Norms form quickly, so a leader must act with dispatch. By putting individuals on the spot, the leader can enforce discipline with
11、out resorting to heavy penalties. Also, the leader demonstrates to other members that lateness and absenteeism are not condoned. Remember, the leader is a prime setter ofsgroupsnorms.Influencing MembersPerceptions of the GroupThe leader can also promote the perception of thesgroupsas a whole by enco
12、uraging themes, slogans, or logos for the group. We generally encourage class groups to come up with a name. Slogans help asgroupsto see their purpose as a group.Influencing Subjective Judgments of the GroupGenerally leaders should try to avoid acting as advocates, because they have strong influence
13、 over members. Sometimes, however, advocacy is necessary. When it is, the leader should distinguish between personal views and those associated with the positions of leader - for example,“The executive committee will never accept the plan were discussing. Theyve turned down every committee proposal
14、that restricts executive privileges. If we want to have any impact on corporate policy, well need to find the next best plan.”This comment reflects the role of a leader. By contrast, the following is a personal stance, unlikely to win support,“I dont believe in that, and I want an alternative.” Func
15、tions of asgroupsLeader小组领袖的作用Designing the AgendaAn effective leader understands the issues that must be discussed and will organize them in a way that facilitatessgroupsprogress. Leaders who have solid overviews of the task and who distribute a logical agenda to thesgroupsusually provide effective
16、 guidance.Competent leader often prepare two outlines: one that is private and one that is distributed to members. The private outline identifies key issues and the leaders questions or concerns about each. Specific questions or comments may be noted and potential resources may be penciled in. The second outline, known as the public agenda, is for members and should be d
