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1、专题十五 推理判断 -2- 考情概览 考试说明指出:阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息,即作者所 要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中,有时需要根据文章提供的事 实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能 性等。 这类题目旨在考查考生透过文章的字面意义去理解作者的言 外之意或弦外之音的能力,属深层理解题。 -3- 阅读 能力的考查不仅要求理解具体事实细节 ,也要求理解抽象的 含义;既要求理解字面意思,又要求理解其深层含义;既要求理解文 章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑 关系,又要求根据其含义及 逻辑 关系进行推理和判断。 -4- 1.推理判断题常见的命题方式有以下几种 (1)We can
2、 know from the passage that . (2)We can infer from the passage that . (3)The passage/author implies/suggests that . (4)It can be concluded from the passage that . (5)The underlined sentence indicates that . (6)From the passage we can draw the conclusion that . (7)Where does this passage probably com
3、e from? (8)The passage is probably taken out of . (9)The author developed the passage/his main idea by . (10)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) . -5- 2.推理判断题解题策略 (1)细节 推断题 细节 推断题要求考生根据文章内容,推断具体的细节 ,如时间 、 地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可以根据短文提供的 信息,或者借助生活常识进 行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在 关系,理解文章的真正含义,然后做出判断。此类题 常用 infer
4、,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe 等词提问,或 提问中含有表示推测的情态动词 ,如:can,could,might,would 等和 其他表示可能性的副词或词组 ,如probably,most likely等。 -6- 【典例分析】 (2017全国卷,B) Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater,employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was
5、 a scene that had been repeated many times in the theaters 75-year history.This time,however,the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish,another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end. The film classic The La
6、st Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old,most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a sm
7、all town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. -7- Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.He added that the theaters location(位置) was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,” he said.“Now the area is mostly offic
8、e buildings and warehouses.” Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However,these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm,which p
9、lans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater will be missed. -8- 26.What will probably happen to the building? A.It wi
10、ll be repaired. B.It will be turned into a museum. C.It will be knocked down. D.It will be sold to the city government. 推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段最后一句可推知,要在原地建造 一座购物中心,因此剧院应该是会被推倒。故选C项。 -9- 27.What can we infer about the audience? A.They are disappointed with Bradford. B.They are sad to part with the old theate
11、r. C.They are supportive of the city officials. D.They are eager to have a shopping center. 推理判断题。从第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.”可推知,观众对老剧院依依不舍。 teary-eyed“热泪盈眶的”。故选B项。 -10- (2)因果推断题 本类
12、题 目要求考生根据已知结果推测导 致结果的可能原因。 考生要正确把握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。因果推断题 不是考查文章直接给出明显的因果关系,它不是细节 理解题。它 需要考生通读文章或者某个段落,在字里行间推断出题设 的因果 关系。因此,要准确把握文章的内容和作者要表达的意图,切忌以 个人观点或者个人想象主观臆断其中的因果关系。常见的题设 中经常出现why,because,because of,what is/was the main reason等 词汇 。 -11- 【典例分析】 (2016全国甲卷,B) Five years ago,when I taught art at a s
13、chool in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student,and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today-and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few s
14、tudents hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations. -12- Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with
15、Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose cre
16、ativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But Im just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when youre asleep?” -13- “Oh,sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“Thats pretty creative.Who does
