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1、河南大学 硕士学位论文 英汉新词语的认知阐释 姓名：贺欣欣 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师：李关学 2011-04 III 摘 要 词汇是语言系统里面最活跃的因素。随着政治、经济和国际交流的发展，新词语层 出不穷。新词语是新近出现的，可以表达新思想、新观点，用来描述新现象、新事物的 词语。新词通常是在语言形式上体现出新，新词的创造是基于人们的生活体验和对世界 的认知方式，每一个新词在意义构建过程中也会受到认知规律的制约。前人对新词语做 过不少研究， 但多从词汇学角度对新词的构成方式进行研究或是从社会语言学的角度对 新词产生的社会文化背景进行分析， 很少有学者从认知语
2、言学的角度来研究和解释新词 是如何形成的。本文将从认知的角度对比研究英汉新词语，探讨它们之间的异同，进一 步验证人类认知的普遍性和共同规律。 本文的研究有助于人们从一个新的视角认识词汇 的产生过程，促进外语学习。 本研究以英汉新词语为研究对象，英语语料来自英语新词网站Word Spy收录的从 2003年至2008年间的新词；汉语语料主要来自教育部语言文学管理司策划，南开大学中 文系周荐教授主编的2006汉语新词语和2007汉语新词语 ，这两本书中同时也收 录2003年、2004年、2005年和2008年的汉语新词语。这些新词语均覆盖艺术、商业、计 算机、服饰、食品、法律、政治、生活方式、医药、
3、健康、科技、体育等。 本文尝试从概念整合的角度对英汉新词语进行对比分析。 概念整合理论是从心理空 间理论进化而来的一种理论，主要用来描述信息的在线投射和整合。它的基本运作需要 四个心理空间：两个输入空间，一个类属空间和一个整合空间。两个输入空间中的成分 被有选择地投射到整合空间。通过组合、完善和阐释的过程，生成输入空间所没有的新 结构。在Fauconnier的论著里面，整合理论共包括四种基本的整合网络结构：简单网络 （simplex network） 、镜像网络（mirror network） 、单域网络（single-scope network）和 双域网络（double-scope net
4、work） 。论文运用 Fauconnier 和Turner 等人提出的概念整合 理论从认知的层面上对英汉新词语的意义建构进行分析， 旨在运用这一理论阐释英汉新 词语意义建构的认知机制，为新词语的研究提供一种新的研究角度和方法。本文采用描 写与解释相结合的方法，以语料的定性研究为主，来审视和解析英汉新词语创造和意义 建构的认知过程。 IV 研究发现，英汉新词语在语义建构过程中具有相同的认知机制，这种认知机制是由 不同心理空间的映射和概念合成。另外，相关的背景知识、思维模式的不同以及联想、 这些认知能力在新词的生成和意义建构的过程中，也都发挥着巨大的作用。 从概念整合角度对英汉新词语的研究是一个
5、全新的视角。 希望本文对以后新词语这 一语言现象的探索和发展有所帮助。 关键词：概念整合，英汉新词语，对比研究，认知机制 I ABSTRACT Vocabulary is the most dynamic element in language system. With the development of politics, economy and international exchange, new words are emerging in an endless stream. Neologisms are newly-emerging words. They can be used
6、to express modern ideas, new viewpoints in the communication as well as to describe new things and new phenomenon. Neologisms are usually newness in linguistic form; the creation of new words is based upon peoples living experience and cognitive style to the world. Every new word is restricted by co
7、gnitive rules in the process of its meaning construction. As a language phenomenon, neologisms have attracted many scholars. From the viewpoint of lexicology, some scholars study the word formation of new words; based on sociolinguistics, some make a comparative study by analyzing the social and cul
8、tural background between English and Chinese neologisms. However, few scholars study the production and interpretation of new words from the perspective of cognition. This thesis can well make up for this limitation. It will verify the cognitive universality and common laws of human beings through t
9、he comparative study of English and Chinese neologisms from the perspective of cognition. Moreover, this study is also helpful for people to understand the production process of vocabulary from a new viewpoint and improve their foreign language learning. Examples of Chinese neologisms involved in th
10、is thesis come from Chinese Neologisms in 2006 2006汉语新词语 and Chinese Neologisms in 2007 2007 汉语新词语 . At the same time, Chinese neologisms in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2008 are also contained in these two books. English neologisms are chosen from English Neologisms Website Word Spy ( ) from 2003 to 2008.
11、These new words come from different fields, such as arts, business, computers, clothing, food, law, politics, lifestyle, medicine, health, technology, sports, etc. II This thesis tries to make a comparative study of English and Chinese neologisms based on conceptual integration theory (CIT). CIT is
12、a kind of theory that evolves from mental space theory, mainly to describe on-line projection and integration of information. There are four basic mental spaces: two input spaces, a generic space and a blended space. Elements from the two input spaces are selectively projected to the blended space.
13、There is an emergent structure generated through composition, completion and elaboration. According to Fauconnier, four basic integration networks are provided in CIT: simplex network, mirror network, single-scope network and double-scope network. This thesis applies CIT to analyze the cognitive mec
14、hanism of English and Chinese neologisms in the process of meaning construction, and aims to provide a new point of view in the study of new words. Through the comparative study of English and Chinese neologisms, the author finds that the similarities are above and beyond differences, English and Ch
15、inese neologisms share the same cognitive mechanism in the process of meaning construction. The interpretation of English and Chinese neologisms is attributable to the interaction of different mental spaces and conceptual integration. At the same time, the production and interpretation of English an
16、d Chinese neologisms also rely on cognitive abilities, background knowledge, and different ways of thinking, and association which are indispensable factors for the meaning construction of new words. CIT provides a new angle of view for the comparative study of English and Chinese neologisms. This thesis will hopefully give some values for the further study. KEY WORDS: conceptual integration, English and Chinese neologisms, comparative study, cognitive mechanism VII List of Figur
