《担保物权的执行综述》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《担保物权的执行综述（15页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、动产担保物权的执行EnforcementofSecurityInterests韩苏琳律师BeijingJanuary2005现代担保交易法律体制担保物权的有效执行EnforcementUnderModernSecuredTransactionsLegalFrameworkn快捷、有效、低廉地执行有助于增强担保物权实现的可预测性及降低借贷费用SpeedyEffectiveandInexpensiveEnforcementIncreasesPredictabilityofRealizingSecurityInterestsandReducestheCostofCreditn合同双方约定权力和救济方
2、式Rightsandremediesdefinedbypartiesn合同约定违约事由Defaultdefinedbycontractn违约事件定义宽泛Broaddefinition现代担保交易法律体制担保物权的有效执行EnforcementUnderModernSecuredTransactionsLegalFrameworkn违约发生后债权人的选择Creditorsoptionsafterdefaultn债权人有权通收回担保物并通过公开或私下方式处理担保物Righttotakepossessionofcollateralanddisposeofcollateralbypublicorpri
3、vatemeansn通过自助手段收回担保物Self-helprepossessionn收回和处理担保物的费用纳入未偿还贷款数额Costsofrepossessionandforeclosureaddedtounpaidbalancen向债务人追索清偿不足额Righttopursuedebtorfordeficiencyn以物偿还Strictforeclosuren非正式债务重组Inalworkoutandrestructuring现代担保交易法律体制担保物权的有效执行EnforcementunderModernSecuredTransactionsLegalFrameworkn债务人及有关第三
4、人利益的合理保护ReasonableSafeguardsforDebtorandInterestedThirdPartiesn担保物的自助回收必须以不扰乱治安方式进行Self-helprepossessionmustbepeacefuln若担保物为应收帐款，债权人有权通知应收帐款债务人直接向其付款Righttonotifyaccountdebtortopaydirectlytocreditorifcollateralinvolvesaccountsn允许当事双方约定债权人在进行自助回收之前无需通知债务人Partiesmayagreenottoprovidenoticepriortoreposs
5、ession现代担保交易法律体制担保物权的有效执行EnforcementunderModernSecuredTransactionsLegalFrameworkn担保物必须以“合乎商业情理”的方式处理Thedisposalofcollateralmustbeconductedina“commerciallyreasonable”mannern在处理之前通知债务人和有关第三方Noticetodebtorandotherinterestedpartiespriortodisposaln方式和价格Mannerandpricen债务人的赎买权Debtorsrightofredemptionn清偿收益的
6、分配：债权人必须向债务人呈报清偿后所剩余额Distributionofproceeds:Creditormustaccounttodebtorforsurplus现代担保交易法律体制担保物权的有效执行EnforcementunderModernSecuredTransactionsLegalFrameworkn司法介入：简易程序JudicialIntervention:Summaryproceedingsn司法程序：不可避免的费用与拖延Judicialprocess:Inherentcostsanddelayn简化追收坏帐的司法程序Simplifyjudicialprocessforenfor
7、cementofdebtobligationsn建立快捷的简化司法程序，限制法院的审议范围Expeditedsummarylegalproceedings:Limitthescopeofjudicialfindingsn限制上诉Limitabuseofappealsn启用专门的公共或私人执行机构Enforcementbyspecializedpubliccollectionagenciesorprivateenforcers现代担保交易法律体制担保物权的有效执行EnforcementUnderModernSecuredTransactionsLegalFrameworkn破产程序中担保债权人的
8、权力SecuredCreditorsRightsinInsolvencyProceedingsn破产程序：债务人的最终保护伞Insolvencyproceedingsastheultimatemeansofdebtorprotectionn债权人通过担保物清偿债务的权力受到限制Restrictiononsecuredcreditorsrighttoforecloseoncollateraln拖延担保债务偿还的拖延Delayofrepaymentofsecureddebtn债权人的优先受偿权受到威胁Preservationofsecuredcreditorspriority应收帐款担保物权的执行
9、：美国的法律与实践CollectionofAccountReceivables:USLaw&Practicen统一商法第九章有关规定适用于应收帐款的让与和出售（保理）UCC-9rulesapplytobothassignmentandsaleofaccountsn通知Notificationn一旦发生违约事件，债权人有权通知应收帐款债务人直接向债权人付款Upondefaultcreditorhasrighttonotifyaccountdebtortopaythecreditordirectlyn通知的时间Timingofnotice:n通过合同约定：通知性融资ByagreementNotif
10、icationfinancingn只有在违约事件发生后才有权通知：非通知性融资OnlyupondefaultNon-notificationfinancing应收帐款担保物权的执行：美国的法律与实践CollectionofAccountReceivables:USLaw&Practicen若应收帐款债务人未能付款，债权人有权代表债务人行使收帐权利Ifaccountdebtorfailstopaysecuredpartycanenforcethepaymentobligationondebtorsbehalf.n担保应收帐款与普通应收帐款Securedvs.unsecuredreceivable
11、s应收帐款担保物权的执行：美国的法律与实践CollectionofAccountReceivables:USLawandPracticen追索权Recoursen有追索权的应收帐款出售：担保物权的执行必须“合乎商业情理”Saleofaccountswithrecourse:commerciallyreasonablenessappliesn以合乎商业情理的手段收帐Commerciallyreasonableattempttocollectn收不回的坏帐由债务人承担Uncollectibleaccountschargedbacktodebtorn无追索权的应收帐款出售Saleofaccounts
12、withoutrecoursen应收帐款的让与Assignmentofaccounts:n债权人有权向债务人追索清偿不足额Creditorentitledtocollectdeficiencyfromdebtorn收帐与担保物权的执行必须合乎商业情理Collectionandenforcementsubjecttocommercialreasonablenessrequirement应收帐款担保物权的执行：美国的法律与实践CollectionofAccountReceivables:USLawandPracticen应收帐款付款义务的更改、履行及抗辩：第三方的权力Modificationdis
13、chargeordefensestoreceivablesRightsofthirdpartiesn如果应收帐款债务人声称其付款义务已经通过与债务人协议更改（减少或延长），应如何处理？Whatifaccountdebtorclaimsthatitspaymentobligationhasbeenmodified(reducedorextended)pursuanttoagreementwithdebtorn若更改为善意，且该更改发生在债务人完成其合同义务之前或在应收帐款债务人获得让与通知之前，则更改对担保债权人有效。Effectiveagainstsecuredcreditorifmodifi
14、cationmadeingoodfaithandpriortocompletionofperancebydebtororbeforenoticeofassignmentn但这类更改也许会构成担保合同中的违约行为Modificationmayconstitutebreachundersecurityagreement应收帐款担保物权的执行：美国的法律与实践CollectionofAccountReceivables:USLawandPracticen应收帐款付款义务的更改、履行及抗辩：第三方的权力（续）n如果应收帐款债务人声称其已将应付款项付给债务人，因此已履行了付款义务，应如何处理？Whati
15、faccountdebtorclaimsthatitspaymentobligationhasbeendischargeduponapreviouspaymenttodebtorn取决于应收帐款债务人的付账发生在收到让与通知之前还是之后Dependsonwhetherpaymentismadebeforeorafterreceivingnotificationoftheassignment应收帐款担保物权的执行：美国的法律与实践CollectionofAccountReceivables:USLawandPracticen应收帐款付款义务的更改、履行及抗辩：第三方的权力（续）n如果应收帐款债务
16、人声称因对债务人有请求权而有权抵消付款义务，或是有权抗辩其对债务人的付款义务（如债务人未能提供服务或违反出卖商品的质量保证），应如何处理？Whatifaccountdebtorclaimsthatithasaclaimagainstdebtorthatitmayoffsetagainsttheobligationoradefensetopaymentoftheobligation(failuretoprovideservicesbreachofwarrantyinsaleofgoods)n根据合同法，除非应收帐款债务人通过合约放弃其抗辩权，债权人的收款权力受应收帐款债务人抗辩权的制约，但其受到的影响仅来自于应收帐款债务人减少其付款义务。Undercontractlawabsentagreementbyaccountdebtortowaivedefensedebtorthecreditorsrighttopaymentissubjecttothedefensesoftheaccountdebtorbutonlytotheextentofreducingpayment
