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1、Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldUnit2EnglisharoundtheworldUsinglanguage汉语方言分布图Thereisnosuchthingas“standardEnglish”.WhatpeopleusuallymeanbythisisgrammaticalEnglish.Howevertherearemanyvariantsofwhatisconsideredstandardorgrammaticalwaysofsayingthings.Thesevariantsarecalleddialects.Allcountrieshavedialectsan
2、dbecausetheUSAissolargeithasmanytoo.Leadinstandard标准规格dialect方言southern南部的midwestern中西部的Spanish西班牙的Newwordsplayapart扮演一个角色eastern东部的northwestern西北方的recognize辨认出认出1.WhyaretheresomanydialectsintheUSBecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.ItsbelievedtobetheEngli
3、shspokenonTVandtheradio.2.WhatsthestandardEnglishReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.3.CanyoutellaninterestingorfunnystorythatshowsgreatdifferencebetweendialectsinChineseEnglishExample:keysorkissOnefriendofminewasgivinganEnglishlessontoaclassofadultswhohadrecentlycometoliveintheUnitedStates.Afterpla
4、cingquiteanumberofeverydayobjectsonatableheaskedvariousmembersoftheclasstogivehimtherulerthebookthepenandsoon.TheclasswentverysmoothlyandthestudentsseemedinterestedandseriousabouttheworkthattheywereengagedinuntilmyfriendturnedtoanItalianandsaid“Givemethekeys.”Themanlookedsurprisedandsomewhatataloss(
5、有点手足无措).Seeingthismyfriendthoughtthatthestudenthadntheardhimclearlysoherepeated“Givemethekeys.”TheItalianshrugged(耸肩)hisshoulders.Thenhethrewhisarmsaroundtheteachersneckandkissedhimonbothcheeks.InChinatherearesomanylocaldialectsalthoughthegovernmentencouragethewholenationtospeakputonghuawhichregarde
6、das“standard”Chinese.Howeverlocalpeoplealsospeaktheirowndialects.DiscussionWorkinpairs.DiscussanyChinesedialectsyouknowoforcanspeak.1.WhatisstandardEnglish什么是标准英语standard(n.)标准规格(adj.)标准的meetstandard符合标准standardofliving生活水平onastandard根据某一标准LanguagepointsThemountainsarenothigh_worldstandard.A.byB.atC
7、.toD.on2.BelieveitornottheresnosuchathingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你世界上没有所谓的标准英语。believeitornot信不信由你Believeitornotallthepeoplepresenthaveagreedtotheplan.3.ThisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradiothosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。这是一个主从复合句。主句是Thisis从句是由bec
8、ause引导的表语从句:thosewereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.在表语从句中又含有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句的主语those。当一个句子的主语为thisthat或it时，可以用because引导表语从句。如：Thatisbecausehedoesntlikecoffee.那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。Itmaybebecausetheexamwastoodifficult.那或许是因为考试太难了。4.HoweveronTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.然而甚至在电视上或收
9、音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。theway后面接定语从句时关系代词用thatinwhich或不用关系代词。Ididitinthewaythatinwhichyoutaughtme.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich5.AmericaEnglishhasmanydialectsespeciallytheMidwesternsouthernAfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.美国英语有很多方言尤其是在中西部南部黑人和西班牙方言。especially尤
10、其表达事物不寻常或特别重要specially专门(指专为某一目的)Ourgardenisbeautifulespeciallyinautumn.Icameherespeciallytoseeyou.Africanadj.非洲的InthenewAfricancountriesthegovernmentsaretryingtoprovideeducationforadults.n.非洲人FishisastapleinthedietofmanyAfricans.Spanishadj.西班牙的aSpanishdancen.西班牙语DoyouspeakSpanish6.Geographyalsoplay
11、sapartinmakingdialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。playapartin的意思是：起重要作用；扮演角色。Hehasplayedanimportantpartinsavingthegirl.HewasinvitedtoplayapartinthisTVplay.拓展：playarolein与playapartin的意思相同，常可以互换。表示“扮演角色”还可以用actactatheroleof等。如：WhoisactingHamletSheisactingtheroleofJuliet.即学即练根据括号内的提示，用playapartin的适当形式完成句子。1.Myfrie
12、ndJimislookingforwardto_（扮演角色的机会）thisseries.2.Agooddiet_（在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用）.playsalargepartinhelpingpeoplelivelongerachancetoplayapartin7.AlthoughmanyAmericamovealottheystillrecognizeeachothersdialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家但他们仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。recognize意为：认出，承认，认可，常构成短语recognize.astobe.，表示：把看做；recognizesb.bysth.表示：
13、从根据某物认出某人。1.Ihadntseenherfor20yearsbutIrecognizedherassoonasshecameintotheroom.2.Thegovernmentrefusedtorecognizethenewschool.3.Heisrecognizedtobeastheirnaturalleader.4.Irecognizedherbyherredhair.Activity1不同学生用家乡方言说出同一句话，体会不同地区的方言；Activity2学生说出他们知道或者听过的方言；Activity3学生讨论以下问题：Whydoesthegovernmentencoura
14、geustospeakPutonghuaGroupactivityTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryReadingtaskonP51Howitbegan1857:ThePhilologicalSocietyofLondoncallsforanewEnglishDictionaryMoreworkthantheythought1884:Fiveyearsintoaproposedten-yearprojectTheOxfordEnglishDictionary的历史Onestepatatime1884-1928:TheDictionaryispublishedinfascicl
15、esKeepingitcurrent1933-1986:SupplementstotheOEDMakingitmodern1980s:TheSupplementsareintegratedwiththeOEDtoproduceitsSecondEditionIntotheelectronicage1992:ThefirstCD-ROMversionoftheOEDispublishedThefuturehasbegunThepresent:TheOEDisnowbeingfullyrevisedwithnewmaterialpublishedinpartsonlineDoyouknowwhoi
16、sthewriterofTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryJamesMurraySamuelJohnsonandNoahWebster.SamuelJohnson(1709-84)NoahWebsterJamesA.H.MurrayhardworkingintelligentdeterminedetcNoteonJamesMurrayslifeCountryEducationJobScotlandNoaleducationtaughthimselfwhileworkingWorkedinabankbeforebeginningtocompiletheOEDMakenotesaboutMurrayslifeaccordingtothepassage.NoteonJamesMurrayslifeMostimportanttaskcompilingthefirsteditionoftheOEDItsdifficu
