杜晓进chapter_18_商务合同的翻译汇编

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1、商务合同的翻译 Business Contract and Translation 1 Warming up;: Understanding of Contract |Contract in Broad Sense A contract is simply an agreement that defines a relationships between one or more parties (oral or written). 第二条规定:”合同是平等主 体的自然人、法人、其他组 织之间设立、变更、终止民 事权利义务关系的协议。” Warming up;: Understanding of

2、 Contract Such as (formal or informal): -Two people exchanging wedding vows enter into a marriage; -A person who has child contracts to nurture and support that child; -Shoppers selecting food in a market contract to purchase the goods for a stated amounts In daily life, wherever whenever whichever,

3、 whoever one can find everywhere people make this agreement to make this relationship explicitly. |A Commercial Contract Warming up;: Understanding of Contract In simplest terms, a commercial contract is merely an agreement made by two a more parties for the purpose of transacting business. Search f

4、or the model products Ask price, get information Settle the price, styles or colors, etc. Mark down item No. and requirements of the buyer Procedure of dealing with aProcedure of dealing with a businessbusiness Make the contract, buyer pay the deposit Factory makes the products Seller notify buyer t

5、o pay balance Deliver the goods and receive them Settle problems: negotiation or arbitration Procedure of dealing with aProcedure of dealing with a businessbusiness |在英文合同翻译中,前提条件 是弄懂合同的定义,包括合同 中应有的基本要素 . 1999年中国合同法第二条将contract定义 为: A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifyi

6、ng and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”. 根据这一定义,合同是平等主体之间设立的 确定民事权利和义务的协议。 Definition of contract 合同的定义 |Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中 将contract 定义为: |“Contract is a promise o

7、r a set of promises for breach of which the law gives remedy , or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.” 根据这一定义,合同是一种承诺,违反承 诺可以得到法律救助,某种意义上法律将 履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。 Definition of contract 合同的定义 |. 合同的成立必须具备几个主要因 素 | 它们是(要约和承诺构成的) 由协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿 望和缔约能力四大部分组成。 L.B Curzon编著的 “A

8、 Diction of Law”提到: |“Contract generally involves” 法律需要具备几个主要因素 |. Note: |A Diction(用词;措词;词令) l1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance l2. consensus and ideas (meeting of minds) l3. intention to create legal relations l4. genuineness of consent l5. contractual capacity of lthe parties l6. l

9、egality of object l7. possibility of performance l8. certainty of terms l9. valuable consideration l1. 要约和绝对接受 l2. 意思表示一致,也叫 meeting of minds l3. 建立合同关系的意愿 l4. 同意的真实性 l5. 合同当事人的缔约能 力 l6. 物的合法性 l7. 履行的可能性 l8. 条款的确定性 l9. 等价有偿 法律需要具备几个主要因素 10 Because a contractual relationship is made between two or mo

10、re parties who have potentially adverse interests, the contract terms are usually supplemented and restricted by laws that serve to protect the parties and to define specific relationships between them in the event that provisions are indefinite, ambiguous, or even missing. 由于具有合同关系的双方或多 方 存在潜在的兴趣不同

11、,通常以法律手 段 补足和限制合同条款;并在出现条例 不 确定,摸棱两可含糊不清或遗漏的情 况 下, 保护和确定合同参与各方之间的 具体关系. Warming up;: Understanding of Contract 1)合同的当事人必须是双方或 多方,如: Contractual Relations Involved in the International Transactions: |Principal contract of sales between buyer and seller |Contract of carriage between consignor and carr

12、ier or freight-forwarder Warming up;: Understanding of Contract |Contract between the buyer and the bank which issues a documentary credit or its electronic equivalent |Contracts between the seller with the banks for payment under the terms of the documentary credit or electronic equivalent Warming

13、up;: Understanding of Contract | Contract of insurance between insurer and insuree 2) 合同是合法的法律行为,并受有关 法律的保 护、支持和制约,违反合同 应被视为触犯法律; 3)合同是当事人一致同意并按法律 签订的协议; 4)合同具有明确的法定民事行为目 的,它是当 事人之间设立、变更、终 止民事权利义务关系的协议。 Warming up;: Understanding of Contract 合同要有正本(Original)和 副本(Copy)。通常采用的 格式是三部分:首部(Head ),主体(Body)

14、和尾部( End)。 下面列出一份通常采用的比较 完整的合同条款: 通 常 采 用 的 比 较 完 整 的 合 同 条 款 一、首部 1 合同的名称 2 合同的编号 3 签约日期 4 签约地点 5 买卖双方的名称、地址、联系方 式 6 序言 二、主体 1.货物的名称条款(Commodity and Specifications) 2. 货物的品质条款(Quality) 3. 数量条款(Quantity) 4. 价格条款(Price) 5. 装运时间条款(Time of Shipment) 6. 保险条款(Insurance) 通 常 采 用 的 比 较 完 整 的 合 同 条 款 7. 包装条

15、款(Packing) 8. 运输标志 /唛头(Shipping Mark ) 9. 保证条款(Guarantee of Quality ) 10. 检验索赔条款(Inspection and Claims) 11. 支付条款(Terms of Payment) 12. 运输方式(Terms of Shipment) 通 常 采 用 的 比 较 完 整 的 合 同 条 款 13. 不可抗力条款(Force Majeure) 14. 延期交货和惩罚条款(Late Delivery and Penalty) 15. 仲裁条款(Arbitration) 三、尾部(Remarks) 1. 有效日期 2. 所遵守法律(也可根据国际 规定) 3. 双方签名 4. 合同的备注部分. 通 常 采 用 的 比 较 完 整 的 合 同 条 款 |正式合同 Contract |确议书 Confirmation |协议书 Agreement |备忘录 Memorandum |意向书 Letter of intent |前两者多用与商业中,其 条款要详细切正规。而备 忘录多用与团体和政府部 门。 一、商务合同的种类一、商务合同的种类 |A Commercial Contract |

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