《课时讲练通2017-2018学年高中英语 module 1 europe period 3 grammar（语法专题课+情境互动课型） 外研版必修3》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《课时讲练通2017-2018学年高中英语 module 1 europe period 3 grammar（语法专题课+情境互动课型） 外研版必修3（36页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Module1Europe Grammar 1. Learn the usage of the Passive Voice. 2. Learn Grammatical concord, Notional concord, Principle of proximity. 3. Use them to express yourself freely. Learning aims How to describe the pictures? Some trees have been cut down. The river was seriously polluted. 被动语态 Leading-in
2、语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主 语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和 被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 基本构成：系动词be/get + 及物动词的过去分词。 一、动词的被动语态 1被动语态的构成：be + v.-ed （1）一般现在时 am/is/are + v.-ed Youre wanted on the telepho
3、ne. 有人给你打电话。 （2）一般过去时 was/were + v.-ed The book was finished last week. 这本书是上周完成的。 （3）一般将来时 will be + v.-ed Youll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。 （4）现在进行时和过去进行时 The building is being built. 这幢楼正在建设之中。 The bikes were being repaired then. 那时自行车正在维修。 （5）现在完成时和过去完成时 This book has been translated
4、into English. 这本书已被译成英语。 The car had been repaired. 这辆汽车已修完了。 2. 被动语态的用法 (1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这 时都不带由by引起的短语)。 The book is written for teachers. 这本书是为教师写的。 (2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引起的 短语)。 The shop is run by a young man. 这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。 3. 注意事项： (1) 短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整 性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。 These
5、 books must be taken good care of. 这些书必须好好保管。 The children were well looked after. 孩子们受到了良好的照顾。 (2) 带双宾语的动词的被动语态，如give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等。将其中一个宾语变成 主语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词宾语 ，作状语。 We gave him some picture books. He was given so
6、me picture books. Some picture books were given to him. 我们给他一些图画书。 (3) 有些动词的主动语态形式表示被动语态, 如sell, wash, write, prove, run, read等。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 Silk wears well. 丝制衣服耐穿。 This cloth washes well. 这种布料耐洗。 (4) 不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态,如 happen, take place 等。 Great changes have taken place in our hom
7、etown in the past few years. 在过去的几年中我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。 (5) 感官动词不用于被动语态, 如 feel, taste, smell 等。 The rice tastes burnt. 饭有焦味。 The milk smells sour. 牛奶闻起来酸了。 1. (2015北京高考)Did you enjoy the party? Yes. We well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 【高考链接】 2.(2015安徽高考)It
8、is reported that a space station on the moon in years to come. A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built 3. (2014大纲版全国卷)Unless some extra money , the theatre will close. A.was found B.finds C.is found D.found 4. (2014天津高考)We wont start the work until all the prepara
9、tions . A.are being made B.will be made C.have been made D.had been made 5.（2013北京高考） So what is the procedure? All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 6.（2013辽宁高考） We are confident that the e
10、nvironment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution. A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved 【即学即练】 1. A new cinema (build)here. They hope to finish it next month. 2. In 1998, when he was only 19, Bill _ (sentence) to 5 years in prison for his acts of violence. 3.
11、 The volleyball match _(put off) if it rains tomorrow. is being built was sentenced will be put off 语法填空 二、subject and verb agreement （主谓一致） 主谓一致的定义 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数 上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形 式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语动词也 要用单数形式，如is, was, has, works等。 一般要遵循以下三个原则：语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)、意义一致
12、原则 (notional concord)、就近原则 (principle of proximity)。 主谓一致的原则 1.语法一致原则 语法主谓一致指如果主语形式上是复数形式，其谓 语动词也是复数形式；主语是第三人称单数形式， 谓语动词也是第三人称单数形式。 His flight leaves early on Monday morning. A few students from his school are going, too. (1) 由and 或both.and.连接的两个名词或代词在句 中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 You and Mary are not wrong. B
13、oth coffee and tea are my favorites. (2) 由and 连接的两个名词分别有冠词限定时，应视 为不同的人或物，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 ；但如果只在第一个名词前有冠词限定，应视为同一 个人或物，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A professor and a scientist are coming to our school. A professor and scientist is coming to our school. (3) 由and 连接的两个不定式、动名词或主语从句，强 调两件事或两个动作，应该视为复数，在句中作主 语时，谓语动词用
14、复数形式。 Walking on the road and swimming in the pool are two different things. 但是由and 连接的两个疑问词引导一个不定式作主语 ，谓语动词用单数形式。 Where and how to find the lost child is unknown to us. (4) “由each (no, every, many a )+名词+and +each (no, every, many a)+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形 式。 No sound and no voice has been heard for a lo
15、ng time. Each boy and each girl was given a gift. (5) 由 “one and a half +名词复数”作主语时，谓语动 词常用单数形式，“a/an +名词单数+and+ a half ”作 主语时，谓语动词也用单数形式。 One and a half days is all I can spare. One and a half bananas has rotted away. An hour and a half is allowed for the exam. (6) 主语是“名词/代词+with + 名词/代词”时，谓语动 词须与前面
16、的名词/代词在人称和数上保持一致。 类似用法的还有：together with; along with; as well as; as much as; rather than; no less than; like; but; except; besides; including; other than The daughter, no less than her mother, has blue eyes. Tom as well as his brothers was praised at the meeting. (7) “more than one/many a+名词单数”虽有复数意义， 但谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a young p
