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1、（2013届）本科毕业设计（论文）资料题 目 名 称：基于单片机控制的泊车辅助系统设计 学 院（部）： 电气与信息工程学院 专 业： 电气工程及其自动化技术 学 生 姓 名： 班 级： 电自095 学号09401300513 指导教师姓名： 职称 最终评定成绩： 湖南工业大学教务处 2013届本科毕业设计（论文）资料第一部分 毕业论文（2013届）本科毕业设计（论文）学 院（部）： 电气与信息工程学院 专 业： 电气工程及其自动化技术 学 生 姓 名： 宫天立 班 级：电自095 学号09401300513 指导教师姓名： 周 翔 职称 讲 师 最终评定成绩 2013年6月 摘 要现如今马路上
2、车辆的数量正在逐年增长，因此车辆的停放问题必须得到很好的解决，否则后果不堪设想。停车时如果光是靠驾驶员的经验和技术是不够的，所以智能泊车辅助系统（倒车雷达）也就因此而诞生。泊车辅助系统是一种能够实时显示车后障碍物状况的汽车倒车辅助装置，在现实生活中应用十分广泛。泊车辅助系统又称倒车雷达，是汽车泊车安全辅助装置，能以声音或者更为直观的显示告知驾驶员周围障碍物的情况，解除了驾驶员泊车和起动车辆时前后左右探视所引起的困扰，并帮助驾驶员扫除了视野死角和视线模糊的缺陷，提高了安全性。一般由超声波传感器（俗称探头）、控制器和显示器等部分组成，现在市场上的倒车雷达大多采用超声波测距原理，驾驶者在倒车时，启动
3、倒车雷达，在控制器的控制下，由装置于车尾保险杠上的探头发送超声波，遇到障碍物，产生回波信号，传感器接收到回波信号后经控制器进行数据处理，判断出障碍物的位置，由显示器显示距离并发出警示信号，得到及时警示，从而使驾驶者倒车时做到心中有数，使倒车变得更轻松。倒车雷达的提示方式可分为液晶、语言和声音三种；接收方式有无线传输和有线传输等。本方案采用语音提示的方式，本文介绍了以AT89C51单片机为核心的一种低成本、高精度、微型化，并有数字显示和声光报警功能的倒车雷达系统。利用AT89C51单片机所具备的单芯片语音功能，外接三个超声波测距模组，组成一个示例的倒车雷达系统，语音提示报警（0.35m1.5m）
4、范围内的障碍物。其次，单片机是一种具有集成度高、运算速度快、体积小、运行可靠、价格低廉的芯片，因此在控制，数据采集，机电一体化，智能化仪表、家用电气以及网络技术等各方面得到广泛应用，本设计主要研究了单片机在泊车辅助系统中的应用。本次设计选用的芯片为AT89C2051，AT89C2051是一种带4K字节FLASH存储器（FPEROMFlash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory）的低电压、高性能CMOS 8位微处理器，俗称单片机。AT89C2051是一种带2K字节闪存可编程可擦除只读存储器的单片机。单片机的可擦除只读存储器可以反复擦除1000次。
5、该器件采ATMEL高密度非易失存储器制造技术制造，与工业标准的MCS-51指令集和输出管脚相兼容。由于将多功能8位CPU和闪烁存储器组合在单个芯片中，ATMEL的AT89C2051是一种高效微控制器，AT89C2051是它的一种精简版本AT89C2051单片机为很多嵌入式控制系统提供了一种灵活性高且价廉的方案。关键词：倒车雷达，单片机，超声波传感器，控制器，显示器ABSTRACTNowadays the number of vehicles on the road are increased year by year, so the car parking problem must be so
6、lved to obtain the very good, otherwise the consequence is unimaginable. When parking, if its not enough to be on the drivers experience and technology, so the intelligent parking assist system (reversing radar) is born. Parking assist system is a kind of real time display barrier condition after a
7、car reverse assist device, they are widely used in real life. Parking assistant system is also called the reversing radar, car parking auxiliary device security, more intuitive to voice or show told driver around obstacles, lifted the driver parking and starting vehicles caused by visiting around it
8、, and help the driver to eliminate the blind spot and blurred vision defects, improve the safety. Generally by the ultrasonic sensor (commonly known as probe), controller and display components, reversing radar in the market now is mostly USES the ultrasonic ranging principle, the driver when revers
9、ing, start reversing radar, under the control of the controller, the device on the rear bumper send ultrasonic probe, encountered obstacles, produce echo signal, the sensor receives the echo signal from the controller for data processing, determine the position of the obstacles, the display shows di
10、stance and issued a warning signal, get timely warning, so that the driver when reversing, accomplish know fairly well, make the reversing has become more relaxed. Reversing radar of LCD, language and voice prompt can be divided into three kinds; Reception mode such as wireless transmission and cabl
11、e transmission. This scheme adopts the voice prompt manner, this paper introduces the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer as the core of a low cost, high precision, miniaturization, and has the function of digital display and audible and visual alarm reversing radar system. Using AT89C51 single chip h
12、ave voice capability, external three ultrasonic ranging module, composed of a sample of reversing radar systems, voice alarm (0.35 m 1.5 m) within the scope of the obstacles.Second, SCM is a kind of high integration, fast computing speed, small volume, reliable operation, low price chip, so in contr
13、ol, data acquisition, mechanical and electrical integration, intelligent instruments, household electrical and network technology is widely used and so on various aspects, this design is mainly study the application of microcontroller in the parking auxiliary system.This design chooses the chip AT89
14、C51, AT89C51 is a with 4 k byte FLASH Memory (FPEROM - FLASH Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory) of low voltage, high performance CMOS 8-bit microprocessor, commonly known as the single chip microcomputer. AT89C2051 is a zone 2 k byte flash programmable microcontroller can erase the read only memory (ROM). MCU can erase read-only memory can be erased repeatedly 1000 times. The mining ATMEL high-density nonvolatile memory device manufacture technology, and industry standard of MCS - 51 JiaoXiang comp
