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1、分类号 S147 学校代码 10129 U D C 626.8 学 号 2010206032 生物炭对不同质地土壤结构及水力特征参数影响试验研究 The Experimental Study of Influence of Biochar on Different Texture Soils Structure and Hydraulic Characteristic Parameters 申 请 人： 田 丹 学科门类： 工 学 学科专业： 农业水土工程 研究方向： 灌溉排水原理与管理决策 指导教师： 屈忠义 教授 论文提交日期：二一三年六月 摘 要 近些年，国内外对生物炭改良土壤的研究成为
2、人们关注的热点问题。本论文通 过室内试验，研究秸秆木炭、花生壳炭对砂土、粉砂壤土的土壤结构（容重、总孔 隙度） 、水分含量（饱和含水量、毛管含水量、田间持水量）及水分特征（饱和导 水率、扩散率、水分特征曲线）的影响，并对生物炭改良土壤的作用机理进行了分 析及探讨，得出主要结论如下： 生物炭能有效降低砂土、粉砂壤土容重。添加生物炭后，两种土壤容重明显比 对照减小；且随着生物炭含量的增大，砂土、粉砂壤土的容重呈减小趋势，两种土 壤均在 0.15g g-1处理时容重最小。生物炭对砂土、粉砂壤土总孔隙度的影响规律不 同，添加生物炭后，砂土总孔隙度明显比对照增大；且随着生物炭含量的增大，砂 土总孔隙度呈
3、增大趋势。相同配比下花生壳炭对砂土容重及孔隙度的改良效果比秸 秆木炭更佳。由土壤水力参数连续综合测试系统测定生物炭对砂土孔隙度的影响， 得出添加生物炭减小砂土大、中孔隙度，增大砂土小孔隙度。粉砂壤土添加生物炭 后，在 0.15g g-1处理时土壤总孔隙度比对照略大，在 0.05、0.1g g-1处理时总孔隙度 比对照减小，生物炭对粉砂壤土总孔隙度的改良效果不明显。 生物炭能有效增加砂土的水分含量（饱和含水量、毛管含水量、田间持水量） 。 添加生物炭后，砂土水分含量明显比对照增加；随着生物炭含量的增大，砂土水分 含量呈增大趋势；生物炭添加量为 0.15g g-1时砂土水分含量最大，且花生壳炭对砂
4、 土水分含量的改良效果最佳，秸秆木炭次之。生物炭对粉砂壤土水分含量的影响同 对孔隙度的影响规律相同，即在 0.15 g g-1处理时比对照略大，在 0.05、0.1g g-1处 理时比对照减小，说明孔隙度是影响土壤水分含量的主要因素。 生物炭能有效改良砂土的持水特性（饱和导水率、扩散率、水分特征曲线） 。添 加生物炭后，砂土饱和导水率、扩散率( )D明显比对照减小，相同土壤吸力下，土 壤含水量较对照明显增大；随着生物炭含量增大，砂土饱和导水率、扩散率( )D呈 减小趋势， 相同土壤吸力下， 土壤含水量呈增大趋势； 两种生物炭添加量为 0.15g g-1 时， 砂土持水性较其他处理均好， 花生壳
5、炭对砂土持水性的改良效果优于秸秆木炭。 由土壤水力参数连续综合测试系统测定砂土低压水分特征曲线，得出生物炭提高了 砂土的持水性，这与压力薄膜仪测试结论一致。添加生物炭后，粉砂壤土饱和导水 率较对照明显增大，生物炭含量越高，饱和导水率越大；添加量为 0.05、0.1 g g-1 时扩散率( )D比对照减小，添加量为 0.15 g g-1时扩散率( )D比对照增大；相同土 壤吸力下，添加量为 0.15 g g-1时土壤持水性较对照略高，添加量为 0.05、0.1 g g-1 时，土壤持水性减弱。由此看来，生物炭添加量较大时才能提高粉砂壤土持水性。 关键词：生物炭；土壤结构；水分含量；持水特性 Th
6、e Experimental Study of Influence of Biochar on Different Texture Soils Structure and Hydraulic Characteristic Parameters Abstract In recent years, both at home and abroad for biochar soil improvement studies became a hot issue of concern. This paper through laboratory test, to study the effect of s
7、traw charcoal and peanut shell biochar to sand and silt loam soil structure(bulk density, total porosity) ,moisture content（saturated water content, capillary moisture content, field water capacity）and moisture characteristics（saturated hydraulic, conductivity diffusion rate and moisture characteris
8、tic curve）,and the biochar soil improvement mechanism is analyzed and discussed.The main conclusions are as follows: Biochar can effectively reduce sand, silt loam soil bulk density. Added biochar, bulk density decreases significantly compared with the contrast. With the increase of content of bioch
9、ar，bulk density shows a decreasing trend. Two kinds of soil bulk density in 0.15 g g-1 processing are minimum. Under the same proportion, the improved effect of peanut shell biochar to soil bulk density is better than the straw charcoal. The influence of biochar to sandy soil and silty loam soil tot
10、al porosity is different. Added biochar, sandy soil total porosity increases significantly compared with the contrast. With the increase of content of biochar， sandy soil total porosity shows a increasing trend. When two kinds of biochar content is 0.15 g g-1, sandy soil total porosity is biggest. A
11、dded biochar, when biochar content is 0.15 g g-1, silt loam total porosity is slightly superior to contrast. When biochar content is 0.05 g g-1and 0.1 g g-1, silt loam total porosity decreases compared with contrast. The improved effect of biochar to silt loam total porosity is not obvious. Biochar
12、can effectively increase the sandy soil water content(saturated water content, capillary moisture content, field water capacity). Added biochar, sandy soil water content increases significantly compared with the contrast. With the increase of content of biochar，sandy soil water content shows a incre
13、asing trend. When biochar content is 0.15 g g-1, sandy soil water content is biggest. The improved effect of biochar to sandy soil water content is not best, followed by straw charcoal. When biochar content is 0.15 g g-1, silt loam water content is slightly superior to contrast. When biochar content
14、 is 0.05 g g-1and 0.1 g g-1, silt loam water content decreases compared with contrast. The main factors of influencing the soil moisture content is Porosity. Biochar can improve the water holding capacity(saturated hydraulic , conductivity diffusion rate and moisture characteristic curve). Added bio
15、char, sandy soil saturated hydraulic and conductivity diffusion rate decrease- significantly compared with the contrast. Under the same soil suction, sandy soil water content increases significantly compared with the contrast. With the increase of content of biochar，sandy soil saturated hydraulic an
16、d conductivity diffusion rate show a decreasing trend and under the same soil suction, sandy soil water content shows a increasing trend. When two kinds of biochar content is 0.15 g g-1, sandy soil water holding capacity is biggest. The improved effect of peanut shell biochar to sandy soil water holding capacity is better than the straw charcoal. The improved effect of biochar to silt loam water holding capacity is not obvious. A
