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1、Unit4 英语中表示“许多”的词组很多， 按其用法可以分为以下三类： 1、修饰可名词：many、a(great/large)number of 、 a few、many a、several等。many a 的意思相当 于many , 但many a 后边接可数名词单数，如： Many a student has such a question. 许多同学有这样的疑问。 A number of students have passed the exam. 许多学生都通过了考试。 2、修饰不可数名词：much、a great deal of 、a large amount of等。 We can
2、 get a great deal of(a large amount of) information from internet.我们可以从互联网 上获得大量信息。 3、既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of 等。 Plenty of the water is polluted.许多水都被污染 了。 Plenty of the rivers are polluted.许多河都被污染 了。 The Attributive Clause(定语从句) a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女
3、孩 定语：用来修饰，限定，说明名词或 代词，或具有名词的品质与特征的 词。作定语的词主要是形容词或者是 相当于形容词的词，短语或者句子， 汉语中常用“的”表示。 1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句 叫定语从句. 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修 饰的先行词之后. 2. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词. 3. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词. 关系词有 关系代词和关系副词. 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等. 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A. 引导定语从句； B. 代替先行词； C. 在
4、定语从句中担当一成分. 关系代词 关系副词 先行词 句中作用省否 who人主语 关系代 词在句中 作宾语可 以省略 whom人宾语 which物主语宾语 that人物主语宾语 whose人物定语 When时间状语 where地点状语 whyreason状语 the handsome the tall the strong the clever the naughty boy The boy is Tom. The boy who is handsome is Tom. The boy who is tall is Tom. The boy who is strong is Tom The bo
5、y who is clever is Tom The boy who is naughty is Tom. 1.who指人，在定语从句中做 主语或者宾语。 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语) The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who sits in front of me
6、 is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian. The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous. The teacher who is famous will give us a talk. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语) The woman
7、got the job. We saw her on the street. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。 The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. Ex: He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French. He is the teacher
8、 who can speak French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today. Do you know the man who came to visit you today? The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady. The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today. Do you know the
9、 man whom you will visit today? apple the red the green the small the big The apple which is red is mine. The apple which is green is yours. The apple which is red is small The apple which is green is big. 3.which指物，在从句中做主语或者宾语 Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers. Mrs.
10、Clark is angry with the goat which ( 主语) is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night. Can you lend me the book (which) (宾语) you talked about last night. 4.that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man.
11、 I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about. 5.whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。 This is the book. The books cover is blue. This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. This is the book the cover of which
12、 is blue. Do you know the girl? Her hair is very short in our class Do you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whom very short in our class? He is the student. I broke his pencil yesterday He is the student whose pencil the pencil of whom I broke yesterday. Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.
13、 Her legs were badly hurt. Mr King whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital. We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story. We shall make a decision about Ms King whose story I have told you. . The chair is being repaired now. The legs of the chair are broken. The
14、 chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now. The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little. The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms King This teacher is liked by all the stude
15、nts. I work with her son. This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the students The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his department. The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 I am sure
16、she has something (that) you can borrow. Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the very book that belongs to him. (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。 (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 (5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句
