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1、中南民族大学 硕士学位论文 民族院校大学生挫折感的调查与研究 姓名：黄志敏 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：教育经济与管理 指导教师：田晓红 2011-05-15 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 摘 要 挫折感是指个体在从事有计划目的的活动过程中，遭遇障碍和干扰，导致其 目的不能实现和需要不能够满足时所产生的消极情绪体验。挫折感对个体心理成 长发展有重要影响。由于学校的特殊性及学生的特殊性，民族院校大学生挫折心 理的困扰比一般大学更加复杂。研究民族院校大学生的挫折感具有非常重要的意 义。 本研究选取中央民族大学（211） 、中南民族大学（普通一本）和广西民族大 学（普通二本）三所不同类型的学校
2、，共 880 名大学生，将挫折感来源分为就业 挫折、理想与现实冲突挫折、性格缺陷、人际关系障碍、经济拮据、学习困难、 情感挫折七个方面，在此基础上编制民族院校大学生挫折感调查问卷 ，考察民 族院校大学生在不同的学校类型、性别、年级、民族、学科、家庭差异六个变量 上总体挫折感状况和单个挫折感方面因素上是否存在差异，其变化与发展规律如 何。针对调查数据，使用 SPSS15.0 软件进行统计分析。研究结果表明：1、民族 院校大学生挫折感困扰总体上并不算严重， 但是也存在着一定程度的挫折困扰； 2、 民族院校大学生挫折感在不同学校类型变量上不存在显著性差异，但在就业挫折 上，211 大学优于普通二本，
3、普通二本要优于普通一本，在学习挫折上，211 大学 优于普通一本，普通一本优于普通二本；3、民族院校大学生挫折感在民族变量上， 维吾尔族和藏族学生挫折感困扰明显比别的民族学生要严重；4、民族院校大学生 挫折感在学科变量上存在显著性差异，文科学生总体挫折感明显高于理工科学生； 5、民族院校大学生挫折感在年级变量上不存在显著性差异；6、民族院校大学生 挫折感在性别变量上不存在显著性差异，但整体上，男生挫折感困扰严重程度比 女生稍高；7、民族院校大学生挫折感在家庭差异变量上存在着显著性的差异，农 村来源学生所受挫折感困扰明显高于城镇来源学生，尤其是在经济困难挫折、就 业挫折、情感挫折上，农村来源学生
4、挫折感困扰明显比城市来源学生严重。 本研究根据数据分析的结果，针对民族院校，提出挫折认知教育、自我认知 教育、就业挫折教育、学习挫折教育、贫困生教育、注重挫折教育中的民族差异 等一系列具有针对性和建设性的对策和建议。 关键词：民族院校；大学生；挫折感；挫折教育； II Abstract Frustration was the negative experience that someone encountered obstacles and interference in a planned activities of the process which caused its purpose
5、cannot be achieved. Frustration have important impact on the psychological development of individual development. Because of the Particularity on college and students, Ethnic institutes and schools university studentsfrustration is more complex than normal university. Its very important for us to st
6、udy the frustration of college students in ethnic institutes and schools. This study takes three different types of ethnic institutions of higher learning such as Central University for Nationalities （the “211” project） ， South-central University for Nationalities（the first batch of regular undergra
7、duates enrolled in national college entrance examination） and Guangxi University for Nationalities （ the second batch of regular undergraduates enrolled in national college entrance examination ） including 880 college students as subject，dividing frustration into seven dimensions including frustrati
8、on in employment， conflict between the ideal and the reality，character flaw，interpersonal relation disturbance，being hard up for money，learning difficulty and emotional frustration. On this basis, questionnaire on college students frustration in ethnic institutes and schoolsis compiled to explore th
9、e college students general status of frustration in ethnic institutes and schools which contains six variations concluding school type，gender，grade，nationality，discipline，family difference and whether or not there is significant difference in single frustration factor and how the law of variation an
10、d development works. The 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III enquiry data is analyzed by the software SPSS 15.0 statistically. The result shows：1. there is a frustration puzzle to some extent in the college students in ethnic institutes and schools but it is not serious on the whole； 2. there is no significant differe
11、nce in college students frustration from different types of ethnic institutes and schools, but in frustration in employment the “211” project college students are better than the second batch of regular undergraduates enrolled in national college entrance examination and the second batch are better
12、than the first batch，and in learning difficulty the “211” project college students are better than the first batch and the first batch are better than the second batch；3. on the whole it is fine in college students frustration in ethnic institutes and schools from different nationalities，but in the
13、single variation of nationality the Uighur and Tibetan are worse than other nationalities evidently；4. there is a significant difference in college students frustration in ethnic institutes and schools from different disciplines, and on the whole students of liberal arts are worse than students of s
14、cience and technology evidently；5. in the single variation of grade there is no significant difference in college students frustration in ethnic institutes and schools；6. in the single variation of gender there is no significant difference in college students frustration in ethnic institutes and sch
15、ools， but on the whole schoolboys are slightly worse than schoolgirls；7. in the single variation of family difference there is a significant difference in college students frustration in ethnic institutes and schools，and rural students are worse than students from town evidently，especially in frustr
16、ation in being hard up for money， frustration in employment and emotional frustration. According to the result from data analysis, aiming at ethnic institutes IV and schools a series of pertinent and constructive strategic choices and suggestions such as cognitive education on frustration，education for self-conception，frustration education on employment，education on learning difficulty ,education on poor students and taking care of different nationalities on frustration education ar
