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1、中南民族大学 硕士学位论文 民族地区实行免费义务教育的研究以恩施州为例 姓名：牟方秀 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：教育经济与管理 指导教师：李磊 20070501 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 本文拟以恩施州的免费义务教育的现状及存在的问题为例，研究民族地区免 费义务教育的现状及存在的问题。通过对恩施州少数民族地区实行免费义务教育 的研究，了解恩施州实行免费义务教育的现状以及在实行中出现的特点、存在的 问题及对策的研究，为其他地区提供参考。教育兴旺则民族兴旺，教育昌盛则国 运昌盛。百年大计，教育为本，这已成为中外有识之士的共识。合理配置教育资 源，推进教育均衡发展，既是落实科学发展观的具
2、体体现，也是推进和谐社会建 设的基础。建州以来，特别是跨入新世纪以后，州委、州政府认真实施科教兴国 战略，始终坚持教育优先发展的战略地位，积极推进教育改革，落实农村义务教 育管理体制，大力整合教育资源，加大投入，努力改善办学条件，教育资源大幅 度增长，教育质量不断提高，有效地保障了广大少年儿童接受教育的权利，教育 资源配置现存的问题，只有通过经济的发展，从而保证全州教育的可持续发展。 2005 年 3 月 5 日全国人代会上，国务院总理温家宝表示，从今年起，免除国 家扶贫重点县农村义务教育阶段贫困家庭学生的书本费、杂费，并补助寄宿学生 生活费， 这意味着中国 592 个国家级贫困县约 1400
3、 万农村贫困家庭的中小学生将 可以享受国家提供的全免费教育。2005 年 12 月 23 日，温家宝总理主持召开国务 院常务会议，研究提出加强农村义务教育和深化农村义务教育经费保障机制改革 的四个问题。 其中之一是从 2006 年春季开学时开始， 全部免除西部地区农村义务 教育阶段学生学杂费，2007 年扩大到中部和东部地区；对贫困家庭学生免费提供 教科书并补助寄宿生生活费。恩施州湖北省唯一一个少数民族自治州，率先纳入 免费义务教育的地区，使当地农民朋友率先享受了这一优惠政策。2006 年 12 月 26 日，全国农村义务教育经费保障机制改革工作会议召开在北京召开，对深化农 村义务教育经费保障
4、机制改革工作进行全面部署。两年内，全部免除农村义务教 育阶段学生学杂费，对贫困家庭学生免费提供教科书并补助寄宿生生活费；提高 农村义务教育阶段中小学公用经费保障水平；建立农村义务教育阶段中小学校舍 维修改造长效机制；巩固和完善农村中小学教师工资保障机制。 笔者力图通过民族地区的调查研究，了解恩施州义务教育的现状，进而针对 出现的问题提出相应的对策，为新时期民族地区构建和谐、公平、合理的义务教 育模式提出一些建议，希望能为政府和教育行政部门的决策提供依据和参考。 本论文包括五个部分。 第一部分：绪论 第二部分：从义务教育的现状入手，介绍国外免费义务教育的现状，进而介 绍我国实行农村义务教育新机制
5、以来免费义务教育的现状，然后介绍少数民族地 民族地区实行免费义务教育的研究以恩施州为例 II 区免费义务教育的现状，最后分析恩施州免费义务教育的现状。 第三部分：分析恩施州实行新机制以后，由于没有现成的经验可以借鉴，还 存着一些问题和不足，分析产生问题的原因。 第四部分： 针对恩施州免费义务教育存在的问题， 提出应该采取的对策措施。 第五部分：结束语 关键词：免费义务教育 义务教育新机制 民族地区 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III Abstract This text draws up to take present condition and existent problem of the
6、free compulsory education of boon race region as anexample, studying present condition and existent problem of the freecompulsory education of the race region from the tiny view level.Pass to practice the research of free compulsory education to the boon state national minority region, understandboo
7、n state to practice the present condition of free compulsory education and in the middle of trying characteristics, existent problem and the research with counterplan appeared, provide the reference with possibility for other regions.Educate a prosperousrace prosperous, educate a prosperous national
8、 fortune prosperous.A hundred years account greatly, educating is originally, this with become Chinese and Foreign still the truth with consensus.Reasonable install education resources, push forward the education balanced development, this since is the concrete body which carries out a science devel
9、opment view now, is also push forward harmonious the foundation of social construction.Set up state, after acrossing to go into a new century especially, the state , state government carries out a section to teach to make a country strong hard strategic, insist always the education has the initiativ
10、e the strategic position of development, pushing forward an education reform actively, carrying out the management system of the village compulsory education, integratingeducation resources strongly, enlargement devotion, make greateffort to improve to do to learn a condition, educate the resources
11、significant growth, educate quality to raise continuously, guaranteed a large and young child to accept educational right availably, educate a resources to install an existing problem, onlypass economic the development disintegrates gradually, thus promising the whole stateses educate of can keep on
12、 a development. National persons generation on March 5,2005 would up, State Department premier house the treasure mean, having dismissed since this year nation hand poor village compulsory education stage in point County the book fee, miscellaneous fee of the poor family student, and subsidize board
13、ing students living expenses, this mean 592 national poor counties in China about 14,000,000 village poor family of the primary and junior high school living and will be able to enjoy nation provide of whole free educations.On December 23,2005, house the treasure premier manage to convene State Depa
14、rtment to often work a meeting, the research puts forward strengthen a village compulsory education with turn the budget guarantee of the village compulsory education a mechanism reform deeply of four problems.The one of them started when one of them schooled begins from 2006 spring, all village com
15、pulsory education stage of region in absolution the west students learned a miscellaneous fee, extending central part and the east region in 2007;To poor family student free provide a textbook and subsidize boarder 民族地区实行免费义务教育的研究以恩施州为例 IV living expenses.Boon regions ising province in Hubei is the
16、only a national minority autonomous region, the initiative brings into the region of free compulsory education, making local farmer friends initiative enjoy this special policy.On December 26,2006, national working conference of the mechanism reform of the budget guarantee of the village compulsory education convenes in Peking to convene, deploying towards turning a village compulsory education budget a guarantee a mechanism reform a work to carry on deeply completely.In two y
