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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 民事撤诉制度研究 姓名：曹凯 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：诉讼法学 指导教师：何文燕 20080605 I 摘 要 民事撤诉制度是整个民事诉讼制度的一个重要组成部分， 它对于保障当事人 处分权的充分行使具有十分重要的意义。同时，撤诉作为一种司法实践中重要的 结案方式，加强对其的研究有助于完善民事诉讼程序、发挥民事诉讼机制的整体 功能，进而促进整个司法制度的完善。一般来说，民事撤诉是指原告向法院提出 撤回其先前提起的诉讼的行为， 使诉讼程序消灭。 但我国关于撤诉的概念问题上， 存在一定的分歧，笔者将本文的研究重点界定为狭义的撤诉概念，即一审中原告 向法院的撤诉问题。当事人向
2、法院起诉和发生诉讼系属是其程序基础，当事人的 处分权则构成了其理论基础。对于民事撤诉制度的基础分析，有助于清醒认识民 事撤诉制度的功能和不足，从而提出相对应的改革建议。根据我国的立法规定， 民事撤诉制度有申请撤诉和按撤诉处理两种方式， 但我国民事撤诉制度存在着法 院对当事人撤诉权的不当干预、 法律对法院否定当事人撤诉申请的理由的规定过 于模糊、漠视对被告合法权益的保护、撤诉方式不规范、未明确撤诉后的时效计 算、未对撤诉后的再起诉进行必要的限制、按撤诉处理制度设置不合理等六方面 的问题。由此，我国民事撤诉制度还需要进一步完善，以充分发挥其功能、保障 当事人的合法权益。 借鉴外国先进的立法和司法经
3、验， 结合相关的民事诉讼理论， 具体改进思路为：1. 确立当事人为程序主体、当事人诉讼权利平等、诉讼效益、 程序安定等四个原则，从观念上的更新来指导民事撤诉制度的完善；2. 确保当 事人处分权的充分行使，从民事撤诉制度的理论基础入手，促进民事撤诉制度的 完善；3. 通过取消法院对撤诉申请的实质审查权、赋予被告撤诉同意权、规范 撤诉方式、明确撤诉后的诉讼时效溯及至未起诉之时、对原告撤诉后再起诉进行 必要的限制、改革按撤诉处理制度等六项措施来完善民事撤诉制度的程序，从民 事撤诉制度的本身加以改革和完善；4. 通过建立原告对被告的补偿制度、完善 撤诉的收费制度，以期从民事撤诉制度的周边制度入手，来外
4、部促进民事撤诉制 度本身的完善。 关键词：民事撤诉制度；立法现状；完善；补偿制度；收费制度 II Abstract The system of civil withdrawing charges is an important component of the system of civil litigation, it is of great significance to guarantee the full exercise of the right to parties. At the same time, withdrawing charges is an important way
5、 of concluding a case, the research on withdrawing charges help improve the civil proceedings, develop the overall function of civil action mechanism, so as to promote the improvement of the entire judicial system. In general, civil withdrawing charges refers to the plaintiff hold the opinion of wit
6、hdrawning its previously charge to the court, so as to conclude the proceedings. However, there are different opinions on the concept of withdrawing charges in China, the author focus on the narrowly defined concept of withdrawing charges, that is, the plaintiff withdrawing charges to the court in t
7、he first instance. The parties set up an action and the acceptance of complaint is its procedural basis, the parties right of disposing is its theoretical basis. The basic analysis of the system of civil withdrawing charges contribute to a clear understanding of the functions of civil withdrawing ch
8、arges and its inadequance, so as to give the relative reform proposals. According to Chinas legislature, there are two ways of civil withdrawing charges, which is the application of withdrawing charges and the method of dealing with it as withdrawing charges, but there are some problems in the syste
9、m of civil withdrawing charges in China, such as the improper intervention of the courts to the right of the parties to withdrawing charges, the Court deny the parties withdrawing for reasons of the provisions are too vague, ignore the protection of defendants legitimate rights, ways of withdrawing
10、charges are not standardized, the calculation of limitation of actions after withdrawing charges is not clear, without necessary restrictions to set up an action again after withdrewing charges, the system of dealing with it according to withdrawing charges is not reasonable. Therefore, Chinas syste
11、m of civil withdrawing charges also need to be further improved so as to give full play to its function to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. Learning advanced legislature and judicial experience of foreign countries, considering theory related to civil litigation, reforming
12、 method is as follows: 1. Establish four principles of parties are objection of procedures, the parties have equal rights litigation, litigation benefits, stability of procedures, let updating concepts to guide the perfection of civil withdrawing charges, 2. Ensure the full exercise of parties despo
13、sing rights, starting with the theoretical foundation of III civil litigation to promote the perfection of civil withdrawing charges, 3. Through the cancellation of the Court to review of the substance of application of withdrawing charges, give the defendant the right to consent withdrawing charges
14、, standanize ways of withdrawing charges, make the limitation of action starting from the time before setting up an action after withdrawing charges, make necessary limitation to the plaintiffs right to set up an action after withdrawing charges, reform the system of dealing with it according to wit
15、hdrawing charges, such six method to perfect the system of civil withdrawing charges, 4. Through the establishment of the plaintiffs compensation to the defendant, improve the system of charges of withdrawing charges, so as to start from the other related system to promote the perfection of civil wi
16、thdrawing charges. Key words: the systems of civil withdrawing charges; current situation of legislation; perfection; the systems of compensation; the systems of charge 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意 学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文 被查阅和借阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编 入有关数据库进行检索，可以采
