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1、河北大学 硕士学位论文 我国宅基地使用权制度研究 姓名：刘岩 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：民商法学 指导教师：刘志刚 20100501 摘 要 I 摘 要 在我国，农村宅基地是农民用于修建住宅的土地。农村宅基地可以定义为农村集体 成员依法申请，经集体审核后依法无偿分配给该申请人一定面积的土地，用于满足其修 建住宅和其他基本生活需要。 可见， 宅基地是农民的安身立命之本， 给农民提供了生产、 生活的场所，对农民来说有着非常重要的作用。我国是一个标准的农业大国，农业人口 占大多数，农村宅基地关乎着数亿农民的切身利益，关乎着社会稳定的发展。因此，对 农村宅基地制度进行研究、设计，有其现实的重要性。 鉴
2、于宅基地在我国的重要性，我国在 2007 年颁布的物权法中对宅基地使用权 做了规定，把宅基地使用权归于物权范围，是我国物权法中一个特有的概念。宅基 地使用权的取得基于农村集体组织成员的身份无偿获取，属用益物权的一种。宅基地使 用权制度是我国特有的福利性制度，造福农民、符合国情，体现了社会主义制度的优越 性。但不容乐观的是随着我国市场经济的快速发展，农村宅基地使用权制度也随之暴露 出很多问题。本研究在系统阐述宅基地使用权制度的同时，更关注于现今制度中存在的 问题，通过详尽的分析宅基地使用权制度的现状及存在的问题，提出合理解决问题的方 案，趋利避害，使宅基地使用权制度能更好的服务于农民。 第一章笔
3、者主要对我国宅基地使用权制度做一般的概况描述。首先，引用宅基地使 用权的概念并从整体上阐述宅基地使用权制度的特征。 所谓的宅基地使用权是指农村集 体成员无偿合法取得的集体所有的土地， 在所取得的土地上建个人住宅或种植等对土地 所享有的占有、使用、受益的权利，是物权法中用益物权的一种。在此基础上探寻宅基 地使用制度的特征主要包括： （1）宅基地制度使用权主体是特定的。 （2）农村居民基于 无偿分配取得宅基地使用权。 （3）宅基地使用权的无期限性。(4)法律对宅基地使用权 的限制性。 随后本章对宅基地使用权制度产生的历史背景与现今发展状况做了详尽的分 析，同时也为后几章的研究做了基础性的铺垫。第二
4、章分析提出当前我国农村宅基地使 用权制度存在的不合理之处，通过认真的分析我国现今的宅基地使用权制度，指出宅基 地使用权制度中存在的问题， 对出现的各方面问题做规划分类， 使存在的问题清晰呈现， 一目了然。第三章的内容主要是针对存在的问题来谈如何完善、发展、创新宅基地使用 权制度，对于第二章指出的各种问题，由这章来加以解决，提出切实可靠的解决方案， 摘 要 II 从理论上完善宅基地使用权制度，这章也是论文的核心所在。宅基地使用权制度的完善 与发展在一定程度上也决定着我国农村的建设与发展， 由此可以看出宅基地使用权制度 完善与发展的重要性，两者呈现出的是相互影响，相互促进的关系，从而达成一种和谐
5、统一的状态，本章体现了笔者从深层次探究宅基地使用权制度，是本论文的升华部分。 关键词 宅基地使用权 农村 物权法 Abstract III Abstract In China, rural homestead farmers for the construction of residential land. The rural homestead in rural areas can be defined as collective members, according to the application of law after examination by the collective
6、free of charge allocated to the applicant a certain area of land for the construction of housing and meet their other basic living needs. Can be seen that the foundation for house sites of the farmers, giving farmers the production and living places for farmers, has a very important role. China is a
7、 standard big agricultural population accounts for the majority of the rural housing sites related to the vital interests of the hundreds of millions of farmers, concerns of social stability and development. Therefore, the rural homestead system research, design, has its practical importance. In vie
8、w of the importance of house sites in China, China promulgated in 2007, “Property Law“ made of the right to use the provisions of house sites to homestead property attributable to the scope of the right to use, is Chinas “Property Law“ in a unique concept. House sites on the right to use the acquisi
9、tion as a member of the rural collective organizations, free access, is used as a beneficial property. Homestead right to use the system is Chinas unique system of welfare for the benefit of farmers, in line with national conditions, reflects the superiority of the socialist system. But is not optim
10、istic that with the rapid development of Chinas market economy, rural housing sites the right to use the system also will be exposed many problems. This study systematically explained the homestead right to use the system at the same time, more focus on current problems in the system, through a deta
11、iled analysis of homestead right to use the system, the status quo and existing problems, propose a reasonable solution to the problem while avoiding disadvantages , so that house sites the right to use the system to better serve farmers. The first chapter I mainly use right system for my house site
12、s to do a general overview description. First, the reference to the concept of the right to use house sites and house sites from the whole set right to use the system characteristics. The so-called homestead means the right to use lawfully acquired rural collective members of the free collective-own
13、ed land, the Abstract IV land acquired to build individual homes or cultivating the land enjoyed by the possession, use, benefit rights, property law is beneficial objects using of the right kind. On this basis, to explore the characteristics of house sites to use the system include: (1) homestead r
14、ight to use the main system is specific. (2) based on the free distribution of rural residents to obtain the right to use house sites. (3) the right to use house sites no time limit of. (4) The law restricted the right to use house sites. The subsequent chapter on the homestead right to use the syst
15、em, the historical background and present state of development have done a detailed analysis, but also a few chapters of the post made the basis of foreshadowing. Chapter II presented the current system of our rural homestead right to use the existence of unreasonable, through careful analysis of ou
16、r current homestead right to use the system, pointed out that the homestead right to use the system problems, various aspects of the emergence of to do the planning category, so that problems clearly show at a glance. The third chapter is mainly to talk about how to deal with the problems of improving and developing innovative housing sites the right to use the system, for the second chapter pointed out that the various problems to be resolved by this chapter and put forward practical
