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1、中南民族大学 硕士学位论文 动态场实时检测光学CT重建算法设计与实现 姓名:周林 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:通信与信息系统 指导教师:李春芳 20090605 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 随着科学技术的发展,对物理量场的测量要求越来越高,不仅要能实现动态场测量, 而且还要能实现计算机实时数据采集和处理,实现测量结果的三维直观显示。目前,真正 能实现物理量场分布测量的可以说只有层析技术。 光学层析技术是建立在激光扫描测量和计算机信息处理这两个现代高科技技术基础上 的一项新颖诊断技术。它采用激光对透明介质的某一断面进行多方位扫描测量,通过计算 机信息处理后,将这一断面的物理量图像显示出来
2、。其突出的优点是在不干扰被测场分布 的情况下,高精度地测量出某一层面的瞬态物理量分布,并将其直观地显示出来。正因为 如此,光学层析技术越来越受到广泛的重视,在许多领域中具有非常广阔的应用前景。 层析技术的核心内容是重建算法。重建算法大致可以分为两大类,即变换法和级数展 开法。变换法要求对所拍摄的物理量场进行 180 度范围内的全方位扫描,需要长时间采集 大量数据,使得其应用受到严重限制。级数展开法适用于“非完全数据”的图像重建,在 瞬态场测量中显示出巨大优越性,级数展开法主要有代数迭代法和其他多种形式的改进算 法,如:联合代数重建法、改进的联合代数重建法、频谱分析重建法等。 联合代数重建法通过
3、改进误差修正计算,克服了代数重建法的图像模糊及效率不高的 缺点。然而,当投影方向数减少时,联合代数重建法存在明显的边缘效应,不能精确地重 建出原物理量场。改进的联合代数重建法将穿过像素的射线长度和像素的灰度值综合考虑 进误差分配方式,有效抑制了联合代数重建法的边缘效应,但它需要反复迭代,难以胜任 实时测量。而频谱分析重建法能大大提高数据处理速度,它的基本思想是利用二维傅立叶 级数的各正交基函数的投影向量去逼近图象函数的投影向量,并利用最小二乘优化准则, 得到函数投影向量的权系数,再经过二维傅立叶反变换即可重建出原始的图像函数。 目前,基于经济和实用考虑,光学C T 技术正在向少数投影和有限角方
4、向发展。本文首 先从投影方向和投影系数两方面对CT扫描测量进行优化设计。在相互垂直的两个有限角方 向上进行扫描测量,通过扫描线与平行于两坐标轴的平行线束交点坐标,快速精确计算出 扫描线穿过每个像素格子的长度,即可获得较好的投影测量数据,重建出高质量的投影图 像。其次,本文设计了一种新的动态场实时检测光学CT图像重建算法,它以固定近似阶数 的频谱分析重建算法为初级算法、以改进的联合代数重建法为二级算法,能够实现复杂流 场的快速、精确测量,并且选择对称分布和非对称分布的两类试验函数进行计算机数值模 拟,以考察算法的可靠性。最后,应用正交有限角全息干涉系统,对双烛火焰的三维瞬态 温度场进行了实际测量
5、,根据干涉条纹计算机自动处理测量系统和复合算法重建出了温度 场中两个截面内的温度分布。 关键词:光学层析;重建算法;联合代数重建技术;频谱;正交投影;动态场 动态场实时检测光学 CT 重建算法设计与实现 II Abstract With the development of science and technology, the requirement of measuring physical field is becoming higher and higher, not only in rapidity and precision, but also in display. It is
6、only computerized tomography (CT) that can measure distribution field. Optical CT is an original diagnostic technique based on laser scanning measurement and computer information processing. In this technique, projection rays penetrate a transparent medium plane at different directions and the distr
7、ibution image is reconstructed after computer dealing with the projection data. Because of advantage of high speed, high precision and not disturbing original field, optical CT is widely used in many fields. Reconstruction algorithm is the core of CT, which can be sorted into transform method and se
8、ries expansion method. Transform method needs scanning object from all views and takes long time to collect projection data, so its application is limited. Series expansion method is fitted for sparse data sets and has unique advantages in measuring transient field, which includes algebraic reconstr
9、uction technique (ART) and some new algorithms developed based on ART such as SART, MSART, FSART and so on. Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) gets over the shortcoming of image ambiguity and inefficiency of ART by improving algorithm of error correction. However, SART can t reco
10、nstruct the original field accurately from fewer views or limited view rage because of the edge distortion. Modified Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (MSART) takes into account both the density of pixel and the length of ray across it and solves the edge distortion effectively, but it
11、 is much iterative and not fit for realtime measurement. However, Frequency Spectrum Approach Reconstruction Technique (FSART) can reconstruct quickly in dynamic field, which transforms the image function into 2- D Fourier series expansion and substitutes the projection vectors of 2- D Fourier serie
12、s orthogonal basic functions for the projection vectors of the image functions. Based on economy and practicality, optical CT is now developing in the direction of reconstruction from fewer views or limited view range. Firstly, Optimization of scanning measurement in CT is discussed including projec
13、tion direction and coefficient. Rays scan the measured field from two orthographic view ranges and grid index and the length of the grid are calculated quickly and exactly by coordinates which are intersected by the scanning beams and parallels. Secondly, a new reconstruction algorithm for Optical C
14、T system is designed. This method reconstructs image firstly by FSART and then by MSART and can give a fast and precise reconstruction to complex field. Numerical simulation is carried out by two distribution functions of symmetry and non- symmetry. Lastly, the 3- D transient temperature field of tw
15、o- candle flame 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III has been investigated by the orthographic limited view range holographic interferometric system. The compound algorithm has reconstructed the temperature distributions of two sections. Keyword: computerized tomography; reconstruction algorithm; simultaneous algebraic
16、 reconstruction technique; frequency spectrum; orthogonal projection; dynamic field 中南民族大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取 得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其 他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个 人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果 由本人承担。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学 校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查 阅和借阅。 本人授权中南民族大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入 有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本 学位论文。 本学位论文属于 1、保密,在_年解密后适用本授权书。 2、不保密。 (请在以上相应方框内打“” ) 作者签名: 日期: 年 月