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1、Maintenance Information Hydraulic and pneumatic systems液压与气动维护说明1 Introduction介绍The present operating instructions are intended to help the personnel responsible for service and maintenance work on the hydraulic and pneumatic control equipment to understand the way in which the individual control lo
2、ops function, to ensure the operating reliability of the control units, and to detect and eliminate quickly any potential weakpoints and causes of defects.这个操作说明是为了操作人员了解关于液压和气动控制设备的检修和维护，确保控制单元可靠稳定的运行，并快速的发现和排除潜在的隐患。These instructions call for some technical knowledge and the ability to read hydrau
3、lic and pneumatic diagrams.这些说明中的液压和气动简图需要有专业技能的人员读取。Schematic diagram原理图The schematic diagram for the hydraulic and pneumatic control system comprises all control loops relevant to the plant, as well as the designations for necessary actuating of the solenoid valve to achieve certain functions. In
4、addition, the set values for pressure valves and manometric switches are provided. These schematic diagrams are thus an integral part of the present instructions.液压和气动控制系统的原理图包括所有相关的控制回路，以及为了获得某些特定功能所用的螺线管阀。另外，还包括压力阀的设定值和manometric switches。这些原理图是液压和气动的维护说明必不可少的一部分。 2 Safety notes安全注意Due to the imme
5、nse forces and rapid movements that hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders and motors, respectively, can initiate in some cases, and the substantial initial tension of the pressure medium, appropriate care and technical knowledge must be applied when performing service work.由于液压和气动缸和电机在某些情况下会产生很大的力和快速移动，
6、并当维修工作开始时，压力工具的初次张紧、必须了解安全守则和技术知识。Some further general remarks are provided below:下面提供了更多的一般性的注意事项：2.1 Before performing service work 进行维修工作以前 Consult other specialists (mechanics, electricians) if necessary.如果必要咨询其他专家（机械专家、电气专家）。 Lower or secure heavy loads to prevent them from making any uncontrol
7、led movements when the hydraulics or compressed air supply is switched off.当液压或空压机供给关闭时，较低的或牢固的重载荷可以防止执行装置的失控。 Use safety equipment, such as lockable valves and switches, locking devices, etc.使用安全设备，比如闸阀、开关和自锁装置等。 Lock the hydraulic pump by suitable means after switching off to prevent it being swit
8、ched on again.在关闭液压泵后通过适当方法锁住液压泵以防止其再次打开。 Close shut-off valves in the control loop concerned.关闭控制回路截止阀。 Relieve pressure in oil and air pressure accumulators.将油压和气压罐卸压。 Shut off operating and activity areas to prevent access by unathorised persons.封闭操作和传动区域防止不知情况的人进入。2.2 During service work在维修期间 Be
9、fore detaching a pipe connection or unscrewing a valve, ensure that the system has been depressurised.Flexible hoses and pipes also have a similar effect to accumulators.在拆卸管道或从阀门旋出螺丝以前，应确保装置已经卸压。软管和管道也有类似的蓄能效果。 Before switching the hydraulic pump on again or opening shut-off valves, remember that t
10、his may lead to some machine parts being set in motion.当再次打开液压泵或打开截止阀以前，记得这可能导致一些机械部件动作。 Ensure that there is no-one in the section of the plant concerned.确保机械设备区域内无人。 Open shut-off valves slowly and listen to the sound of the flow.慢慢打开截止阀然后听管道内流动的声音。 Hydraulic cylinders that have been emptied and p
11、ipes under low pressure must be filled with oil again and vented before actuating any switches to set a component in motion.在打开开关设置机构运动之前，排空的液压缸和在低压以下的管道必须通过油孔再次充满油。 If solenoid valves are shut down manually using the emergency switch, some logical interlocks may be disabled. This can result in mach
12、ine damage or personal injury.如果螺线管阀通过急停开关手动全关，一些逻辑自锁可能失效。这可能导致机器损坏或人身伤害。 Never tighten leaky screw fittings as long as the pipe is under pressure.如果管道在有压力的情况下，不要用有裂缝的螺丝拧紧设备。2.3 Handling of oil油的处理Remember that oil is easily inflammable and can be toxic under certain circumstances. In addition, oil
13、should not be allowed to leak to the environment.记住油很容易过热并且在某些环境下可能产生有毒物质。另外，有不应允许泄漏到环境中去。Therefore: Keep suitable binding and extinguishing agents at the ready. Avoid skin contact for any length of time. Only dispose of used oil, used filter inserts and cleaning agent polluted with oil at the dispo
14、sal points provided for this purpose.因此：时刻配备隔离装置和灭火器。避免长时间皮肤接触。最好处理掉使用过的油，在处理这些油时要使用内置过滤器和清洁器防止油污染。3 General guidelines总的指导方针3.1 Starting up hydraulic equipment 打开液压设备Preparation Before start-up, perform the work described in Tab. 3-1.准备 打开设备之前，履行表3-1中的描述。步骤1清洁油罐（每次换油时，油罐必须清洁干净）。2检查液压设备。检查内置过滤器工作是否正
15、常。3用加油装置填充液压油。过滤：10微米（或澄清器）4当填充油罐时，要时刻注意油位。5设置压力阀和变量泵来降低压力。6关闭截止阀，打开流量控制阀和控油阀。Inspections Conduct the following checks according to Tab. 3-2:检查 根据下表3-2进行检查：检查1检查油罐开口侧的清洁并进行正确的密封。2校准电机、螺线管阀等的电压。3检查液压蓄能器的气压值。注意：只能使用氮气填充。4通过电机和泵的低速运转来检查校正旋转方向。通过泵的保护壳上的箭头设定旋转方向。Flushing out the pipes冲洗管道It is essential to blow air through the pipes from the hydraulic unit to the machine after assembly in order to remove any shavings and dirt particles. In addition, this can help in checking whether the pipes lead to the correct consumer.在组装完成后，在从液压装置到机器的管道进行必要的吹风，目的是
