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1、河南大学 硕士学位论文 刑事诉讼证人出庭作证制度 姓名：赵伟 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：诉讼法 指导教师：吴泽勇 2011-05 IV 摘 要 证人是刑事诉讼活动的重要参与人对于刑事诉讼活动的顺利进行具有重要的意义， 在世界大部分国家和地区，在审判过程中，能够对案件事实提供证词的证人必须亲自出 庭想陪审团成员说出他们的所见所闻， 但是在我国证人出庭作证不是必须的强制性的规 定，大部分需要证人出庭作证的案件都是用证人证词取而代之，在我国证人能否出庭作 证，是我国庭审制度改革的关键，是纠问式想对抗式改革的非常重要的一步，然而在我 国由于各种原因我国目前的证人不出庭作证成为常例，在目前的刑事审判中，
2、证人出 庭率很低。跟据一些局部性资料判断，证人到庭率不超过5%。也就是说，大多数，甚至 绝大多数证人可以不到法庭作证，即使法院发出出庭通知也可以弃之不顾，证据必须在 法庭上经质证、查正属实后才能作为定案的依据。因此，质证是整个庭审活动的中心， 而最为广泛、最为普遍的证据之一就是证人证言。 我国法律虽然规定了证人有作证的义务，但在实践中确实大量的证人不出庭，而普 遍使用证人的出面证言， 证人不出庭作证这一长期困扰刑事审判工作的难题一直没有得 到有效的解决，这种情况的发生涉及到很多原因，包括证人“厌诉” 、 “恶诉”心理根深 蒂固、法制观念淡薄，对不管自己的事情，都是逃避自己应该承担的义务，对于逃
3、避作 证义务的证人，虽然我国法律规定的非常明确，但是因为缺乏相关的违反义务应当承担 责任的强制性规定，导致证人漠视这项义务，能逃则逃，不能逃的以书面证言代替出庭 作证， 这也是由于我国在庭审过程中可以适用书面证言代替证人证言的负面后果。 当然， 对于责任感强烈的公民，也会为了维护法律的权威，为了公平正义，不顾自己的安危， 勇于出庭作证的，但是由于我国漠视证人的权利，又存在着对证人的因为作证遭受的经 济补偿不到位，导致证人出庭作证的积极性不高，更一个重要的，不可忽视的原因就是 我国缺乏有效的证人保护措施，证人因为出庭作证不可避免的会遭受财产损失，甚至是 人身伤害，但是我国的立法规定的非常笼统，关
4、于证人补偿和保护的制度又缺乏可操作 性。 因此针对我国刑事诉讼证人出庭率不高的情况，为了提高证人的出庭率，本文通过 对国外有关证人出庭制度的研究和我过现在关于证人的规定进行比较研究， 通过对我国 现行的法律规定的，针对证人保护方面的缺陷。提出对证人进行经济补偿、对证人的人 身安全和财产安全进行保护，其中也包括证人的亲属的人身安全和财产安全，完善证人 V 的保护有利于消除证人的后顾之忧，使证人在没有顾虑的情况下出庭作证，不经能够提 高证人出庭作证率，同时也能促进证人说真话，减少证人做伪供的几率。 通过对证人出庭作证制度的研究，在促进我国证人能够走向法庭，并且减少证人出 庭的后顾之忧做出一点自己的
5、贡献，鉴于此，本文从完善立法的角度、经济角度、证人 权益保护制度，特别是证人及其相关人士的人身财产保护的方面就行研究，提出自己的 一些建议，希望能够丰富证人作证方面的理论研究，为我国的刑事证人权利保护问题领 域的立法完善提供务实的建议，为我国司法实践中刑事证人问题的圆满解决。 关键词：证人，出庭作证，权利保护，经济补偿，人身安全保护 VI ABSTRACT The witness is important to participate in criminal activities, criminal activities of people for the smooth progress of
6、 great significance in the world, most of the countries and regions, in the trial, the facts of the case to give testimony of witnesses must personally appear in court to the jury members to say what they saw and heard, but witnesses are not required of mandatory requirement, the majority of cases w
7、itnesses are required to use the testimony of witnesses instead, whether in our witness to testify China key to reform court system is adversarial to inquisitorial very important step in the reform, however, for various reasons in our country of the witness not to testify become common practice, in
8、the current criminal trial, witnesses rate very low. According to some localized information with the judge, witnesses to court rate of no more than 5%. That is, most, or even most witnesses could not testify, even if the court issued a notice to appear can also be abandoned, the evidence must be in
9、 court through cross-examination, only after investigation is true, as the basis for decision. Therefore, the cross-examination is the center of activity throughout the trial, while the most widely used, is one of the most common evidence of the witness testimony is. Although our law provides for th
10、e obligations of witnesses to testify, but in practice a large number of witnesses did not appear in court, and the widespread use of the testimony of witnesses to come forward, witnesses do not testify in criminal trials that have long plagued the problem has not been effective solution to this sit
11、uation involving a number of reasons, including witness “tired of complaints” and “evil v.” psychological deep-rooted sense of law, and regardless of their own affairs, is to avoid the obligations they should, for the obligation to avoid testifying witnesses, although our law is very clear, but beca
12、use of lack of obligations shall be liable for breach of mandatory provisions, resulting in the witness ignored this obligation, to escape the escape, can not escape the written testimony instead of testifying in court, which also because in the course of the trial of written testimony can be applie
13、d instead of the negative consequences of the testimony of witnesses. Of course, a strong sense of responsibility of citizens, also in order to maintain the authority of law, fairness and justice, his own safety, the courage to testify, but witnesses of their rights because of neglect, but also beca
14、use of the existence of witnesses to testify suffered financial compensation is not in place, leading to the enthusiasm of witnesses is not high, but an VII important reason why China can not ignore the lack of effective witness protection measures, because the testimony of witnesses will inevitably
15、 suffer property damage, personal injury or even However, the legislation of the very general, on the witness protection system of compensation and lack of maneuverability, so the appearance of witnesses for the criminal proceedings the case was not high, in order to improve the appearance rate of t
16、he witnesses, this witness on relevant foreign system of research and I have now provided on a comparative study of the witnesses, sought to put forward some useful suggestions, in the promotion of our witnesses to to court, and reduce the worries of witnesses to make some of my contribution, in view of this, this article from the improvement of legislation perspective, economic perspective, the Protection System of witnesses, especially witnesses and the personal property of the relevant aspect
