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1、湖南理工学院毕业设计（论文） 学号： 14113500523 毕业设计(论文) 题 目： 长短跑自动计时器系统 作 者 郑文静 届 别 2 0 1 5 系 别 机械工程学院 专 业 机械电子工程 指导老师 谭鹤良 职 称 教授 完成时间 2015年5月1号 摘 要为了让学生德智体全面发展，每年定期对学生进行多次体能测试，学生的人数在万人以上，测试的项目多。如果采用传统的人工方法，不仅耗时过长，难以满足要求，而且对裁判的要求较高，人为因素大，精度低，大量数据的保存以及成绩的查阅方面等都有很大的困难，几乎不可能完成。但在电子技术飞速发展的今天，电子产品的人性化和智能化已经非常成熟，其发展前景仍然不
2、可估量。如今的人们需求的是一种能给自己带来方便的电子产品，当然最好是人性化和智能化的，如何能做到智能化呢？单片机的引入就是一个很好的例子。单片机又称单片微型计算机，也称为微控制器，是微型计算机的一个重要分支，单片机是20世纪70年代中期发展起来的一种大规模集成电路芯片，是集CPU，RAM，ROM，I/O接口和中断系统于同一硅片上的器件。单片机的诞生标志着计算机正式形成了计算机系统和嵌入式计算机系统两个分支。尤其是美国Intel公司的MCS-51系列单片机，由于其具有集成度高，处理功能强，可靠性高，系统结构简单，价格低廉，易于使用等特点，在工业控制，智能仪器仪表，办公室自动化，家用电器等诸多领域
3、得到广泛的应用。美国ATMEL公司推出的AT89S5x系列在世界的8位单片机市场中占有较大的份额，是替代MCS-51系列单片机的主要机型。该系列中的AT89S51单片机是目前与MCS-51单片机兼容的最具典型性、代表性的机种，同时也是各种增强型、扩展型等衍生的基础。本设计，采用了AT89S5单片机实现长短跑计时器的硬件设计和软件设计，也说明了关于计时器系统的监测设备的硬件设计。其中，利用单片机设计的新型的长短跑计时系统。它不仅能精确计时，准确地分辩各跑道运动员的比赛成绩，并能在运动员冲过终点时记录该运动员的比赛成绩，实时性、精确性优于人工秒表。现场监测装置由激光发射器和激光接受器组成，每个赛道
4、上的起点和终点均安置一现场监测装置，现场监测装置负责监视参赛者是否抢跑，终点线上的现场监测装置负责向控制台发送该参赛者成绩的信号。并且，该装置还具有一致性好，使用便捷，价格低廉等优点。 关键词：AT89S51 单片机 计时器ABSTRACT In order to let the students all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, physical fitness test, every year regularly undertake to the student many times the numb
5、er of the students in more than ten thousand people, more testing project. If use the traditional manual method, not only take too long, difficult to meet the requirements, and higher requirement for the referee, human factors, low accuracy, large amounts of data preservation and refer to the achiev
6、ement of all have great difficulties, such as almost impossible. But in todays rapid development of electronic technology, electronic products, humanization and intelligent has been very mature, its development prospects are still immeasurably. Now the people demand is a kind of can bring convenienc
7、e to your electronic products, preferably humanization and intelligent, of course, how intelligent can do it? The introduction of the single chip microcomputer is a very good example. Microcontroller is also called the single chip microcomputer, also known as micro controller, is an important branch
8、 of microcomputer and single chip microcomputer is developed in the mid - 1970 - a kind of large scale integrated circuit chips, is a collection of CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O interface and interrupt system on the same silicon devices. The birth of the single chip microcomputer marks computer formally formed
9、 computer systems and embedded computer system two branches. Particularly in the us Intel MCS - 51 series microcontroller, since it has high integration, strong processing power, high reliability, system structure is simple, cheap, easy to use etc, in industrial control, intelligent instruments, off
10、ice automation, household appliances, and many other fields has been widely used. America ATMEL company launched AT89S5x series in the 8-bit microcontroller market of the world occupy larger share, is the main model of alternative MCS - 51 series microcontroller. The series of AT89S51 is compatible
11、with MCS - 51 single chip microcomputer of the most typical and representative models, as well as a variety of enhanced type, extension, such as the foundation.This design, use a long dash AT89S5 microcomputer timer of hardware design and software design, also explains the hardware design of timer s
12、ystem monitoring equipment. Among them, the use of single-chip design of new type of long sprint timing system. It can not only precise timing, accurately determine the performance of each track athletes, and can finish the athletes of recorded when the athletes performance, real-time and accuracy i
13、s better than that of artificial stopwatch. Field monitoring device is composed of laser and laser receiver, starting point and end point are placed on each track a field monitoring device, field monitoring devices is responsible for monitoring the contestants is false start, the scene of the finish
14、ing line monitoring device is responsible for signal send the participant results to the console. And, the device also has a good consistency, the use is convenient, the price is low wait for an advantage.Keywords: AT89S51 single-chip microcomputer timer 目 录摘 要ABSTRACT1 概述11.1工程背景11.2 工程项目11.3本设计介绍2
15、1.4 设计要求及任务32 原理52.1 理论阐述52.2 数字传导53 硬件73.1主电路设计83.2 控制电路设计83.3 信号装置设计93.4监测系统设计113.5硬件自检134 软件设计154.1主程序设计154.2 抢跑处理234.3 定时器的计时服务程序264.4 成绩查询285 系统说明及注意事项305.1 系统功能及性能305.2 使用说明305.3 注意事项31结论32参考文献33致谢34III第1章 工程概况11工程背景单片微计算机子20世纪70年代问世以来，已对人类社会产生了巨大的影响。尤其是美国Intel公司的MCS-51系列单片机，由于其具有集成度高，处理功能强，可靠性高，系统结构简单，价格低廉，易于使用等特点，在工业控制，智能仪器仪表，办公室自动化，家用电器等诸多领域得到广泛的应用。美国ATMEL公司推出的AT89S5x系列在世界的8位单片机市场中占
