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1、虚 拟 语 气,概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种： 1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。 He is late for class. What fun! He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形） Dont be late！ 3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。,1、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中,主语+did/were,主语+should / would/ coul
2、d / might + do,主语+ had done,主语+ should / would/ could / might + have done,主语+ 1.did 2.should do 3.were to do,主语+should / would/ could / might + do,If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。,2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。,3.如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的。,If I were you, I would accept hi
3、s advice.,If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. drove; didnt get drove; wouldnt get were driving; wouldnt get had driven; wouldnt have got,_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Br
4、idge. Were B. Should C.Would D. Will,2. if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词not不能放在前面。 1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then), I wouldnt have been very happy.,2.If I were you, I would accept his advice.,3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at ho
5、me.,4.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,注意： 3.错综时间虚拟语气 当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now. If you _(study)hard b
6、efore, you _(be)a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,If you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now. talked; would not be had talked; would not be would talk; would not be had talked; would not have been,If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _
7、 so seriously now. is not polluted would not be polluted had not been polluted would not have been polluted,4、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。 常用的有介词with，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。,1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meetin
8、g. =If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 3.I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.,4.What would you do with a million dollars? 5.Without / But for your help,
9、we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, ,Without electricity, human being life _ quite different today. is will be would have been would be,But for his help, I _. should not have succeeded have not succeeded did not succeed had not succeeded,He hesitated f
10、or a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. had scored scored would score would have scored, Why didnt you buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought,5.as if / as though（好像）+从句 与现在相反 did/were 与过去相反 had done 与将来相反 would/could/might+ do He l
11、ooks as if he were an artist. He talked about the accident as if he had seen it. (区分even if/though),注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。 Eg. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain . When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were br
12、oken D. had been broken,6.It is (high / about) time (that) sb did/ sb should（不可省略） + do 该是某人做某事的时候了。 It is high time that you got up/should get up.,Im getting tired; its time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going,7.wish/if only(要是就好了）+从句 与现在事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相反 had done（或用could h
13、ave done） 与将来事实相反 could/would/might + do I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow. I wish (that) he_(visit)us today. I wish he_(visit) us yesterday.,had visited us/ could have visited us,would /could /might visit,visited,If only you _ （listen)to our advice! If only I _ (be)a bird!,had listened,were,8.在wo
14、uld rather+宾语从句中 与现在或将来事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相反 had done 即：would rather sb did/ had done I would rather you _(come) here tomorrow. I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth.,came,hadnt told,9.用于表示 建议（advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend） 命令(order/ command) 要求(demand/require/ request/ desire) 坚持要求(insis
15、t) 等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气： sb （should）+ do 1.I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句) 2.My advice is that we (should) tell him the news. 3.I made a suggestion that he-(同位语从句) 4.It is suggested that he-(主语从句) 5.My suggestion was that he-(表语从句),区别： This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.(定语从句) The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived. A. didnt touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch,注意： suggest:表明，暗示 陈述语气 建议 虚拟语气 Her pale face suggested that she _
