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1、河北师范大学 硕士学位论文 基于GIS的石家庄市公交线网可达性评价初探 姓名：田春红 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：地图学与地理信息系统 指导教师：张军海 20100315 III 摘 要 摘 要 进入 21 世纪以来，随着经济的持续高速增长，城市化、工业化的进程显著加快， 城市的交通需求量也随之急剧上升，交通问题成为困扰城市发展的重要问题之一。交通 问题是一个庞大而复杂的问题，关系到政治、经济等各方面的要素，因此建设畅通、高 效的城市交通系统已经成为政府的一项重要任务。 解决城市交通拥挤的有效办法是提高 道路网的通行能力。但城市可提供修建的空间有限，且越来越小；同时，交通系统涉及 的因素又很多，
2、包括道路面积、道路布局、机动车拥有量、交通设施、交通管理等，如 果单独从道路方面或车辆方面考虑，都很难解决根本上的问题。另外，能源问题、环境 问题也日益成为人们所关注的重要问题。倡导“公交优先”是快速有效地减轻城市道路 压力，缓解交通拥挤的有效途径。大力发展公共交通，不但能够方便群众，而且能很好 地解决城市交通的拥堵矛盾。所谓的“公交优先”，是指城市中的客运交通以快速的、 大容量的公交系统为主，其他的交通工具为辅。 本文针对石家庄市内公交系统的现状及石家庄市本身的城市特点， 把 GIS 技术应用 到城市公交线网的可达性评价之中， 力求能够为城市交通部门及普通的城市居民提供公 交信息服务。 本文
3、共分为六个部分， 前三部分属于理论研究， 中间两部分属于实例研究， 最后一部分为总结。 第一部分在介绍了本文的研究背景下，翻阅了大量的国内外相关文献，回顾了可达 性的应用研究成果及其发展情况，说明了本文的研究意义和方法；第二部分介绍了地理 信息系统(GIS)的定义、功能及其应用领域，有重点的介绍了本文所使用的 GIS 技术平 台ArcGIS 软件； 第三部分较系统地阐述了可达性的基本概念， 并从城市交通的角度 讨论了影响可达性的因素，详细介绍了现有文献资料中可达性的常用度量方法；第四部 分介绍了 ArcGIS 软件中的 Geodatabase 地理数据模型，整理了基于石家庄市公交线路 的各种数
4、据，从数据库结构设计、实体的抽象，到属性表的设计以及数据的维护与更新 等，展示了一个完备的 GIS 公交数据库的建构流程；其后，文章以河北省石家庄市的公 交线路网作为实例研究，首先从公交线路网的结构方面选取了公交线网密度、非直线系 数、重复系数、站点密度四个重要指标，应用地理信息系统技术（ArcGIS 软件），分区 对石家庄市的公交线网进行了较粗略的评价，并在此粗略了解的基础上，以通常评价可 达性的五种模型的计算方法为引导，充分考虑时间因素的重要性，文中提出了主要以重 IV 力模型为参考的新的计算公交站点可达性的计算方法。 针对计算方法中对未知变量的求 解，引入了最短路径，通过求解站点间的最短
5、路径，实现站点间最短公交行程时间的计 算，进而可以对石家庄市的公交线网进行以时间特征为主要评价标准的可达性的评价。 最后一部分是对全文的总结，并对下一步的研究进行了展望。 本文将公交可达性的计算放到 GIS 环境中来， 使得交通可达性的研究克服了局限于 理论研究的缺点。城市公交可达性的研究可以反映城市的交通状况，为合理的规划城市 布局及路网优化提供依据，是城市交通评价的一种新尝试。 关键词： 关键词：地理信息系统 公共交通 可达性 最短路径 石家庄市 V Abstract Into the 21st century, along with sustained economic growth,
6、urbanization, industrialization process has accelerated significantly, the city also will be a sharp increase in traffic demand, traffic problem plagued urban development has become one of the important issues. The traffic problem is a large and complex problem related to the political, economic and
7、 other aspects of the elements, so building the smooth and efficient urban transport system has become an important task for the government. The effective way to solve urban traffic congestion is to improve the traffic capacity of road network. But the city space is limited, and getting smaller and
8、smaller; Meanwhile, the transportation system has a lot of factors involved, including the road area, road layout, vehicle ownership, transport facilities, traffic management, if separate from the road or vehicle considerations, are difficult to solve fundamental problems. In addition, energy and en
9、vironmental issues increasingly become important issues of concern. Advocates “bus priority“ is a fast and effective way to reduce pressure on urban roads, an effective way to ease traffic congestion. Great efforts to develop public transport, not only convenient for the masses, but also a good solu
10、tion to urban traffic congestion contradiction. The so-called “bus priority“ refers to urban passenger transport with fast, high-capacity public transport system mainly and other modes of transport supplementary. This paper in connection with the present of Shijiazhuang local public transportation s
11、ystem and the city of Shijiazhuang Citys own characteristics, apply the GIS technology to urban public transportation networks accesibility among evaluation,and makes every effort to provide the public transportation information service for the municipal transportation department and the ordinary ci
12、ty peoples. This paper is divided into six parts, the first three parts belong to the theoretical research, the middle two are case studies, the last part for the conclusion. The first part introduced this articles research background, looked over a great deal of related literature, reviewed the app
13、lication of the accessibility results and the state of play, explained the meaning and methods of this study; The second part introduced the definition of the geographic information system (GIS), functions and applications, focused introduction to VI technology platform-ArcGIS software; The third pa
14、rt had systematically expounded the definition of accessibility, and discussed the factors which affect urban travel accessibility, introduced the common measurement in detail from existing literature. The fourth part introduced Geodatabase geographic data model which in ArcGIS software, reorganized
15、 each kind of data which based on Shijiazhuang public transportation lines, from the database structure design, the entities abstract, to the attribute list design as well as the data maintenance and updating and so on, demonstrated a complete GIS public transportation database construction process;
16、 After that the article took the Hebei Province Shijiazhuangs public transportation lines as an example study, First, the paper selected four key indicators from the structure of public transportation，which are network Density, the non-straight line coefficient, repeat factor, the site density, and applied geographic information system technology (ArcGIS software), evaluated Shijiazhuangs public transportation network roughly, and in this sketchy understanding, based on the five models of
